Substance Substance comment ATC Pharmaceutical group Molar mass Type of test Species Critical effect Exposure time Study period Concentrations/Doses Sex Age Number of organisms Route of exposure LC50 EC50 IC50 NOEC LOEC NOEL LOEL Reference short
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 Artoxkit M (with slight modifications) Artemia salina (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             2120 umol/L
(381.933688 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 Rotoxkit F (with slight modifications) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h             785 umol/L
(141.423559 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) neonates per brood (brood 3) 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           0.56 mg/L 1.00 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574   Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) daily growth rate 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           1.80 mg/L 3.20 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid o-hydroxyhippuric acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574   Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) population growth rate 21 days   38.4, 84.5, 186.0, 409.0, 900.0 mg/L   <24h           84.5 mg/L 186.0 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) age at each reproduction (brood 4) 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           0.56 mg/L 1.00 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) neonates per brood (brood 5) 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           1.80 mg/L 3.20 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) neonates per brood (brood 2) 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           1.00 mg/L 1.80 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid o-hydroxyhippuric acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) average size of juveniles from first brood 21 days   38.4, 84.5, 186.0, 409.0, 900.0 mg/L   <24h           84.5 mg/L 186.0 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) average size of juveniles from first brood 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           0.56 mg/L 1.00 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid o-hydroxyhippuric acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) number of viable offspring 21 days   38.4, 84.5, 186.0, 409.0, 900.0 mg/L   <24h           84.50 mg/L 186.00 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) number of viable offspring 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           0.32 mg/L 0.56 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid o-hydroxyhippuric acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (2000) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   180.00-1800.00 mg/L   <24h Four replicates of five individuals for each treatment     >1800.00 mg/L           Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (2000) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   180.00-910.00 mg/L   <24h Four replicates of five individuals for each treatment     342.41 mg/L           Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) neonates per brood (brood 2) 21 days   1.00, 1.80, 3.20, 5.60, 10.00 mg/L   <24h           1.80 mg/L 3.20 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) size of neonates-first brood 21 days   1.00, 1.80, 3.20, 5.60, 10.00 mg/L   <24h           >10.00 mg/L >10.00 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) number of viable offspring 21 days   1.00, 1.80, 3.20, 5.60, 10.00 mg/L   <24h           1.00 mg/L 1.80 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (2000) Daphnia longispina (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   347.00-900.00 mg/L   <24h Five animals in each vessel, four replicates per treatment     647.31 mg/L           Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) average size of juveniles from first brood 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           >3.20 mg/L >3.20 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574   Daphnia magna (Crustacean) daily growth rate 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           0.56 mg/L 1.00 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574   Daphnia magna (Crustacean) population growth rate 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           1.80 mg/L 3.20 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD standard protocol (1980), with a few modifications Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (neonates) Twenty neonates were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations, repeated at least three times     8.15 mM
(1468.28281 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Acetylsalicylic acid o-hydroxyhippuric acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) neonates per brood (brood 1,2,3,4 and 5) 21 days   38.4, 84.5, 186.0, 409.0, 900.0 mg/L   <24h           409.0 mg/L 900.0 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD Guidelines No. 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h               932 umol/L
(167.9066968 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (2000) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   900.0-2350.00 mg/L   <24h Five animals in each vessel, four replicates per treatment     1293.05 mg/L           Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) neonates per brood (brood 3) 21 days   1.00, 1.80, 3.20, 5.60, 10.00 mg/L   <24h           1.00 mg/L 1.80 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) number of viable offspring 21 days   1.00, 1.80, 3.20, 5.60, 10.00 mg/L   <24h           1.00 mg/L 1.80 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1992) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h and 48 h       Younger than 24h four replicates, 5 daphnids each     88.1 mg/L   75 mg/L       Cleuvers 2004
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) daily growth rate 21 days   1.00, 1.80, 3.20, 5.60, 10.00 mg/L   <24h           1.00 mg/L 1.80 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid o-hydroxyhippuric acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) number of viable offspring 21 days   38.4, 84.5, 186.0, 409.0, 900.0 mg/L   <24h           186.00 mg/L 409.00 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) size of neonates-first brood 21 days   1.00, 1.80, 3.20, 5.60, 10.00 mg/L   <24h           1.00 mg/L 1.80 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004a
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) number of viable offspring 21 days   0.32, 0.56, 1.00, 1.80, 3.20 mg/L   <24h           0.32 mg/L 0.56 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid o-hydroxyhippuric acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (2000) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   180.00-1800.00 mg/L   <24h Four replicates of five individuals for each treatment     >1800.00 mg/L           Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid gentisic acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (2000) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   180.00-910.00 mg/L   <24h Four replicates of five individuals for each treatment     402.55 mg/L           Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid o-hydroxyhippuric acid, acetylsalicylic acid metabolite N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 OECD no. 202 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) average size of juveniles from first brood 21 days   38.4, 84.5, 186.0, 409.0, 900.0 mg/L   <24h           409.0 mg/L 900.0 mg/L     Marques et al. 2004b
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1993) Desmodesmus subspicatus (Green algae) growth inhibition                 106.7 mg/L   32 mg/L       Cleuvers 2004
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) partially contracted polyp, slow reactions 7 days   10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           1 mg/L     Pascoe et al. 2003
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) mean number of Artemia ingested 7 days 10 day feeding/budding study followed 7 d exposure 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) extracellular radioactivity 3h         Cell density: 2*10^6 cells/mL     27.6 mM
(4972.34424 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 Microtox test Photobacterium phosphoreum (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 5 or 15 min               145 umol/L
(26.122823 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 Spirotox Spirostomum ambiguum (Ciliate) morphological changes/ spherical deformation and autolysis 24 h             177 mg/L 177 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 Streptoxkit F (with slight modifications) Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             988 umol/L
(177.9955112 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 Protoxkit FTM Tetrahymena termophila (Ciliate) growth inhibition 24 h               720 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Acetylsalicylic acid   N02BA01 Analgesic 180.1574 Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     86.2 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Artoxkit M (with slight modifications) Artemia salina (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             133 umol/L
(36.8946389 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Rotoxkit F (with slight modifications) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h             2.9 umol/L
(0.80446957 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 OECD guideline 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h               20 umol/L
(5.548066 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 OECD standard protocol (1980), with a few modifications Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (neonates) Twenty neonates were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations, repeated at least three times     0.00415 mM
(1151.223695 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Amitriptyline Amitryptyline HCl N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 ISO/WD 20079 (2001) Lemna minor (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days       Initially three or four fronds Six-well plates, one plant in each well, three replicates     1.69 mg/L           Kaza et al. 2007
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) extracellular radioactivity 3h         Cell density: 2*10^6 cells/mL     0.475 mM
(131.7665675 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Microtox test Photobacterium phosphoreum (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 5 or 15 min               77.8 umol/L
(21.58197674 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Spirotox Spirostomum ambiguum (Ciliate) morphological changes/ spherical deformation and autolysis 24 h             0,7 mg/L
(0.7 mg/L)
0.44 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Spirotox Spirostomum ambiguum (Ciliate) pherical deformation and autolysis 24 h             1.13 mg/L 0.58 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki 2008
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Streptoxkit F (with slight modifications) Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             2.8 umol/L
(0.77672924 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Protoxkit FTM Tetrahymena termophila (Ciliate) growth inhibition 24 h               40 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Amitriptyline Amitriptyline HCl N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Rapidtoxkit (2004) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) food ingestion 1h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs 12 cup multiwells, 15-25 organisms in each     3.0 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Amitriptyline Amitriptyline HCl N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     0.63 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Amitriptyline   N06AA09 Psychoanaleptics 277.4033 Thamnotoxkit F Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h             1.12 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki 2008
Amlodipine   C08CA01 Calcium antagonists 408.8759   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 72h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Amlodipine   C08CA01 Calcium antagonists 408.8759   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) mean number of Artemia ingested 7 days 10 day feeding/budding study followed 7 d exposure 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           1 mg/L     Pascoe et al. 2003
Amlodipine   C08CA01 Calcium antagonists 408.8759   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) clubbed tentacles, body slightly contracted 7 days   10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Amlodipine   C08CA01 Calcium antagonists 408.8759   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 48h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Amlodipine   C08CA01 Calcium antagonists 408.8759   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 24h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042 Respiration inhibition test OECD 209 aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 30 min   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042 OECD 209, prolonged test aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 20 h   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) partially contracted polyp, slow reactions 7 days   10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042 ASTM, static toxicity test with Lemna gibba G-3, E 1415-91 (1998) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days         Two L. gibba plants, each with four fronds, in each dish, eighteen dishes     > 1000 ug/L           Brain et al. 2004
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042 ISO 8692 (1989), modified version Microcystis aeruginosa (Freshwater cyanobacteria) growth inhibition 7 days   0.0009 to 0.0038 mg/L     Initial density; 2*10^4 cells/ml     0.0037 mg/L           Holten Lutzhoft et al. 1999
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042 ISO 8692 (1989), modified version Rhodomonas salina (Marine cryptophycean) growth inhibition     5 to 500 mg/L     Initial density; 1*10^4 cells/mL     3108 mg/L (out of measured range)           Holten Lutzhoft et al. 1999
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042 ISO 8692 (1989), modified version Selenastrum capricornutum (Freshwater green algae) growth inhibition     2.5 to 250 mg/L     Initial density; 1*10^4 cells/mL         250 mg/L       Holten Lutzhoft et al. 1999
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042   Synechococcus leopolensis (Blue-green algae, strain UTEX 625) growth inhibition 96 h   50 ng/L to 50 mg/L     10 000 or 100 000 cells/mL (inocula)     2.22 ug/L
(0.00222 mg/L)
  0.78 ug/L
(0.00078 mg/L)
1.56 ug/L
(0.00156 mg/L)
    Andreozzi et al. 2004
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042 Microtox Model 500 analyser Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 5 min                 1320.0 mg/L         Park and Choi 2008
Amoxicillin   J01CA04 Antibacterial agents 365.4042 Microtox Model 500 analyser Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 15 min                 3597.0 mg/L         Park and Choi 2008
Amphetamine sulfate   N06BA01 Psychoanaleptics 135.2084 OECD standard protocol (1980), with a few modifications Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (neonates) Twenty neonates were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations, repeated at least three times     0.164 mM
(22.1741776 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Amphetamine sulfate   N06BA01 Psychoanaleptics 135.2084   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) extracellular radioactivity 3h         Cell density: 2*10^6 cells/mL     53.05 mM
(7172.80562 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Ampicillin   J01CA01 Antibacterial agents 349.4048 OECD (1993) no 201 Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae) growth inhibition     5 concentrations, triplicates           >1000 mg/L   >1000 mg/L       Eguchi et al. 2004
Ampicillin   J01CA01 Antibacterial agents 349.4048 OECD (1993) no 201 Selenastrum capricornutum (Freshwater green algae) growth inhibition     5 concentrations, triplicates           >1000 mg/L   >1000 mg/L       Eguchi et al. 2004
Ampicillin   J01CA01 Antibacterial agents 349.4048 Microtox Model 500 analyser Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 5 min                 1056.0 mg/L         Park and Choi 2008
Ampicillin   J01CA01 Antibacterial agents 349.4048 Microtox Model 500 analyser Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 15 min                 2627.0 mg/L         Park and Choi 2008
Ampicillin   J01CA01 Antibacterial agents 349.4048 Chronic bioluminescence assay Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 24 h               163 mg/L           Backhaus and Grimme 1999
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361 Acute toxicity to Daphnia: EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1992) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h Twenty daphnids for the controls and each treatment, subdivided in 4 replicates     313 mg/L           Cleuvers 2005
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361 Acute toxicity to Daphnia, L. 383A. EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1992) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h       200 mg/L           Hernando et al. 2004
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361 Algal inhibition test: EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1993) Desmodesmus subspicatus (Green algae) growth 48 h         Initial density: 10^4 cells/mL     620 mg/L           Cleuvers 2005
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361   Desmodesmus subspicatus (Green algae) photosynthesis inhibition 24 h               1335 mg/L           Escher et al. 2006
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) reproduction (condition index) 21 days   0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10 mg/L   adult 8 pairs per concentation         1 mg/L 3.2 mg/L     Winter et al. 2008
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361 OECD Test 210 (1992) Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) hatchability ended 28 d post-hatch   0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10 mg/L   embryos 2-24 h 20 embryos in each cup, approximately 80 embryos per conc.         10 mg/L >10 mg/L     Winter et al. 2008
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361 OECD Test 210 (1992) Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) survival (%) ended 28 d post-hatch   0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10 mg/L   embryos 2-24 h 20 embryos in each cup, approximately 80 embryos per conc.         10 mg/L >10 mg/L     Winter et al. 2008
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361 OECD Test 210 (1992) Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) wet weight ended 28 d post-hatch   0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10 mg/L   embryos 2-24 h 20 embryos in each cup, approximately 80 embryos per conc.         3.2 mg/L 10 mg/L     Winter et al. 2008
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361 OECD Test 210 (1992) Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) standard length ended 28 d post-hatch   0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10 mg/L   embryos 2-24 h 20 embryos in each cup, approximately 80 embryos per conc.         3.2 mg/L 10 mg/L     Winter et al. 2008
Atenolol   C07AB03 Beta-receptor blockers 266.3361 ISO Guideline 11348-3 (1998) Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 30 min               1304 mg/L           Escher et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Chironomus tentans, now Chironomus dilutus (Insecta, diptera) survival 10 days       12 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 9-10 animals in each beaker   14.3 mg/L             Dussault et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Chironomus tentans, now Chironomus dilutus (Insecta, diptera) growth 10 days       12 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 9-10 animals in each beaker     10.2 mg/L           Dussault et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           208.6 ug/L
(0.2086 mg/L)
    1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           259.4 ug/L
(0.2594 mg/L)
    300 ug/L
(0.3 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           172.9 ug/L
(0.1729 mg/L)
    300 ug/L
(0.3 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           41.8 ug/L
(0.0418 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           153.6 ug/L
(0.1536 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           65.4 ug/L
(0.0654 mg/L)
    1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           154.3 ug/L
(0.1543 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Hyalella azteca (Freshwater amphipod) growth 10 days       7-14 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 8-15 animals in each beaker     2.4 mg/L           Dussault et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Hyalella azteca (Freshwater amphipod) survival 10 days       7-14 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 8-15 animals in each beaker   1.5 mg/L             Dussault et al. 2008
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 Modified ASTM E 1415-91 Guideline (1999) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) decrease in fresh weight (sterols) 7 days         Two plants in each of the 18 culture dishes     157 ug/L
(0.157 mg/L)
    200 ug/L
(0.2 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 Modified ASTM E 1415-91 Guideline (1999) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) decrease in stigmasterol 7 days         Two plants in each of the 18 culture dishes     71.6 ug/L
(0.0716 mg/L)
    67 ug/L
(0.067 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 Modified ASTM E 1415-91 Guideline (1999) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) increase in total ubiquinone (UQ) 7 days         Two plants in each of the 18 culture dishes     967 ug/L
(0.967 mg/L)
    67 ug/L
(0.067 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 Modified ASTM E 1415-91 Guideline (1999) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) increase in oxidized plastoquinone (PQ) 7 days         Two plants in each of the 18 culture dishes     3055 ug/L
(3.055 mg/L)
          Brain et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 Modified ASTM E 1415-91 Guideline (1999) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) increase in reduced plastoquinone (PQ) 7 days         Two plants in each of the 18 culture dishes     37.7 ug/L
(0.0377 mg/L)
    217 ug/L
(0.217 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 Modified ASTM E 1415-91 Guideline (1999) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) increase in total plastoquinone (PQ) 7 days         Two plants in each of the 18 culture dishes     85.1 ug/L
(0.0851 mg/L)
    217 ug/L
(0.217 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 Modified ASTM E 1415-91 Guideline (1999) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) decrease in fresh weight (quinones) 7 days         Two plants in each of the 18 culture dishes     135 ug/L
(0.135 mg/L)
    19 ug/L
(0.019 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 Modified ASTM E 1415-91 Guideline (1999) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) decrease in beta-Sitosterol 7 days         Two plants in each of the 18 culture dishes     64.4 ug/L
(0.0644 mg/L)
    67 ug/L
(0.067 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 MTT assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.0818 mM
(45.69673564 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 NR assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.0781 mM
(43.62976838 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 MTT assay RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) cell viability 24 h         3.5*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.302 mM
(168.7092196 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 ASTM: Standard guide for conducting FETAX E1439-98 (2002) Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) malformations 96 h       eggs, stage 9 Three tests with each concentration, using 50 eggs (25 per dish) from three different couples for a total of 150 eggs.     23.1 mg/L   10.0 mg/L       Richards and Cole 2006
Atorvastatin   C10AA05 Blood lipid lowering agents 558.6398 ASTM: Standard guide for conducting FETAX E1439-98 (2002) Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) mortality 96 h       eggs, stage 9 Three tests with each concentration, using 50 eggs (25 per dish) from three different couples for a total of 150 eggs.   38.6 mg/L             Richards and Cole 2006
Atropine Atropine sulfate A03BA01 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders 289.3694 Artoxkit M (with slight modifications) Artemia salina (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             22700 umol/L
(6568.68538 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Atropine Atropine sulfate A03BA01 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders 289.3694 Rotoxkit F (with slight modifications) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h             481 umol/L
(139.1866814 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Atropine Atropine sulfate A03BA01 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders 289.3694 OECD standard protocol (1980), with a few modifications Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (neonates) Twenty neonates were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations, repeated at least three times     0.372 mM
(107.6454168 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Atropine Atropine sulfate A03BA01 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders 289.3694 OECD guideline 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h               513 umol/L
(148.4465022 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Atropine Atropine sulfate A03BA01 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders 289.3694   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) extracellular radioactivity 3h         Cell density: 2*10^6 cells/mL     16.83 mM
(4870.087002 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Atropine Atropine sulfate A03BA01 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders 289.3694 Microtox test Photobacterium phosphoreum (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 5 or 15 min               8010 umol/L
(2317.848894 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Atropine Atropine sulfate A03BA01 Drugs for functional gastrointestinal disorders 289.3694 Streptoxkit F (with slight modifications) Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             951 umol/L
(275.1902994 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Azithromycin   J01FA10 Antibacterial agents   Algal Growth Inhibition test Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Growth inhibition rate 96 h   maximum 10mg/L           0.019 mg/L   5.2 ug/L
(0.0052 mg/L)
      Harada et al. 2008
Benzylpenicillin sodium J01CE01 Antibacterial agents   Respiration inhibition test OECD 209 aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 30 min   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Benzylpenicillin sodium J01CE01 Antibacterial agents   OECD 209, prolonged test aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 20 h   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Benzylpenicillin   J01CE01 Antibacterial agents   ISO 8692 (1989), modified version Microcystis aeruginosa (Freshwater cyanobacteria) growth inhibition 7 days   0.002-0.01 mg/L     Initial density; 2*10^4 cells/mL     0.006 mg/L           Halling-Sorensen 2000
Benzylpenicillin   J01CE01 Antibacterial agents   ISO 8692 (1989), modified version Selenastrum capricornutum (Freshwater green algae) growth inhibition 3 days   3-100 mg/L     Initial density; 1*10^4 cells/mL         100 mg/L       Halling-Sorensen 2000
Betaxolol   S01ED02 Ophthalmologicals 307.4278 Acute toxicity to Daphnia, L. 383A. EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1992) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h       >300 mg/L           Hernando et al. 2004
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 ISO/CD 20666 (2001) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) population growth inhibition 48 h         24-well plates, one rotifer in each well (initially), four replicates per concentration     0.44 mg/L   0.156 mg/L 0.3125 mg/L     Isidori et al. 2007
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 ASTM E1440-91 (1991) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h       neonates 36-well plates, five animals per well, six replicates for each of the five concentrations   60.91 mg/L             Isidori et al. 2007
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 EPA 600/4-90/027F (1993) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) immobilization 48 h       < 24 h 24-well plates, ten organisms per well, three replicates per concentration, five concentrations     75.79 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2007
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 ISO/CD 20665 (2001) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) population growth inhibition 7 days       < 24 h Single organisms in beakers, seven concentrations, ten replicates     0.13 mg/L   0.023 mg/L 0.047 mg/L     Isidori et al. 2007
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 ISO 6341 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       < 24 h Five daphnids per vessel, four replicates for each of five concentrations     100.08 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2007
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 EPA/600/4-90/027F (1993) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) mortality 48 h       <24h (neonates) Four replicates, containing five organisms per test chamber, were exposed to eight different conc and a control.   30.3 mg/L             Han et al. 2006
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 Acute toxicity to Daphnia, L. 383A. EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1992) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h       >200 mg/L           Hernando et al. 2004
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194   Elliptio complanata (Freshwater mussel) immunotoxic effect: decreased cell adherence 24 h   0, 2.5, 25, 50, 100 uM     Hemolymphs from 10 mussels were collected and analysed           2 uM
(0.7236388 mg/L)
    Gagné et al. 2006
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194   Elliptio complanata (Freshwater mussel) immunotoxic effect: induction of phagocytosis 24 h   0, 2.5, 25, 50, 100 uM     Hemolymphs from 10 mussels were collected and analysed           2 uM
(0.7236388 mg/L)
    Gagné et al. 2006
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194   Elliptio complanata (Freshwater mussel) immunotoxic effect: increased cell viability 24 h   0, 2.5, 25, 50, 100 uM     Hemolymphs from 10 mussels were collected and analysed           2 uM
(0.7236388 mg/L)
    Gagné et al. 2006
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194   Hydra attenuata (Cnidarian) morphological changes 96 h   0.1-50/100mg/L     3 Hydra in each of the 3 wells per exposure concentration on a 12 well multi-well plate   70.71 mg/L 25.85 mg/L   0.1mg/L 1 mg/L     Quinn et al. 2008a
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194   Hydra attenuata (Cnidarian) feeding behaviour and hydranth no. 96 h   0.1-50/100mg/L     3 Hydra in each of the 3 wells per exposure concentration on a 12 well multi-well plate     8.59 mg/L           Quinn et al. 2008a
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194   Hydra attenuata (Cnidarian) regeneration 96 h   0, 0.1, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 mg/L     10 per concentration       22.5 mg/L         Quinn et al. 2008b
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194   Mytilus galloprovincialis (Blue mussel) immune parameters in the hemocytes 24 h           Injection             0.01 nmol (3.61 ng/g dry weight) Canesi et al. 2007
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 MTT assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     2.60 mM
(940.73044 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 NR assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     1.74 mM
(629.565756 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 MTT assay RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) cell viability 24 h         3.5*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     1.23 mM
(445.037862 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 Alamar Blue assay RTL-W1 (Rainbow trout liver cell line) change in energy metabolism (cytotoxicity) 24 h   five-six different concentrations           275.7 uM           Schnell et al. 2009
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194 CFDA-AM assay RTL-W1 (Rainbow trout liver cell line) decrease in membrane integrity (cytotoxicity) 24 h   five-six different concentrations           266 uM           Schnell et al. 2009
Bezafibrate   C10AB02 Blood lipid lowering agents 361.8194   Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       second- and third instar larvae 24-well plates, ten animals per well, three replicates for each of the five concentrations   39.69 mg/L             Isidori et al. 2007
Captopril   C09AA01 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system   European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L   < 24 h Twenty daphnids for the controls and each treatment subdivided in four replicates each containing five daphnids.     >100 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Captopril   C09AA01 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system   European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC Desmodesmus subspicatus (Green algae) inhibition of average growth rate 3 days   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L     Initial density; 10^4 cells/mL     168 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Captopril   C09AA01 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system   ISO/WD 20079 (2001), using the Steinberg-medium Lemna minor (Duckweed) inhibition of average growth rate 7 days   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L     Three treatment replicates and six control replicates.     25 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Allium cepa (Terrestrial plant) root growth 72 h         Five bulbs and three roots per bulb were used for each treatment     447 uM
(105.6120642 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Allium cepa (Terrestrial plant) mitotic index 48 h         Five bulbs and three roots per bulb were used for each treatment     498 uM
(117.6617628 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 AFNOR T90-377 (2000) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) reproduction inhibition 48 h       newly hatched 48 rotifers; five concentrations and one control, eight replicates         0.377 mg/L 0.754 mg/L     Ferrari et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Rotoxkit according to the standard AFNOR T90-377 (2000) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) reproduction 48 h                           Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA 600/4_90/027 (1991) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) mobility inhibition 48 h       < 24 h 28 cups, five daphnids in each, six concentrations and one control, four replicates     77.7 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Chronic toxicity test according to the standard AFNOR T90-376 (2000) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) reproduction 7 days                   25 ug/L
(0.025 mg/L)
      Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA 600/4_90/027 (1991) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) mortality 48 h               77.70 mg/L   377 ug/L
(0.377 mg/L)
      Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 AFNOR T90-376 (2000) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) reproduction inhibition 7 days       < 24 h           0.025 mg/L 0.1 mg/L     Ferrari et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Chironomus tentans, now Chironomus dilutus (Insecta, diptera) growth 10 days       12 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 9-10 animals in each beaker     9.5 mg/L           Dussault et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Chironomus tentans, now Chironomus dilutus (Insecta, diptera) survival 10 days       12 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 9-10 animals in each beaker   47.3 mg/L             Dussault et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Chlorella vulgaris var viridis (Green algae) growth inhibition 24 h         1 000 000 cells/mL algae culture     469.5 uM
(110.9281077 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Chlorella vulgaris var viridis (Green algae) growth inhibition 48 h         1 000 000 cells/mL algae culture     155 uM
(36.621633 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 algal growth inhibition test Cyclotella meneghiniana (Diatom) growth 96 h               31.60 mg/L   10.00 mg/L       Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) kidney, ultrastructural effects 28 days   1, 5, 20, 50, 100 ug/L F+M 1,5 year-old 24 per conc. 6-8 were used           1 ug/L
(0.001 mg/L)
    Triebskorn et al. 2007
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) liver, ultrastructural effects 28 days   1, 5, 20, 50, 100 ug/L F+M 1,5 year-old 24 per conc. 6-8 were used           >100 ug/L     Triebskorn et al. 2007
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 10-d early life stage test according to ISO 12890 (1999) Danio rerio (Zebrafish) mortality 10 days       fish embryo           25 mg/L       Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 ISO 12890 (1999) Danio rerio (Zebrafish) embryos and larvae mortality 10 days       embryos, larvae 50 embryos         25 mg/L 50 mg/L     Ferrari et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 OECD Guideline 202 (1993) Daphnia magna (cladoceran) immobilization 48 h       neonates replicate groups of ten neonates     414 uM
(97.8152004 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 OECD Guideline 202 (1993) Daphnia magna (cladoceran) immobilization 24 h       neonates replicate groups of ten neonates     475 uM
(112.227585 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA/600/4-90/027F (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h               >100 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 AFNOR T90-301 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) mobility inhibition 48 h       < 24 h 28 cups, five daphnids in each, six concentrations and one control, four replicates     >13.8 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L   < 24 h Twenty daphnids for the controls and each treatment subdivided in four replicates each containing five daphnids.     >100 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA/600/4-90/027F (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 96 h               76.3 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Acute toxicity test according to the standard AFNOR T90-301 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) mortality 48 h               >13.80 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA/600/4-90/027F (1993) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) mortality 48 h       <24h (neonates) Four replicates, containing five organisms per test chamber, were exposed to eight different conc and a control.   111 mg/L             Han et al. 2006
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC Desmodesmus subspicatus (Green algae) inhibition of average growth rate 3 days   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L     Initial density; 10^4 cells/mL     74 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 ASTM, standard 96-hour static algal bioassays, Vol. 11.05 (1996) Dunaliella tertiolecta (Phytoplankton) cell density 96 h   25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/L     Initial density; approximately 50 000 cells/mL     >80.00 mg/L           DeLorenzo and Fleming 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Elliptio complanata (Freshwater mussel) immunotoxic effect: increased cell viability 24 h   0, 2.5, 25, 50, 100 uM     Hemolymphs from 10 mussels were collected and analysed           3 uM
(0.7088058 mg/L)
    Gagné et al. 2006
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Elliptio complanata (Freshwater mussel) immunotoxic effect: induction of phagocytosis 24 h   0, 2.5, 25, 50, 100 uM     Hemolymphs from 10 mussels were collected and analysed           61 uM
(14.4123846 mg/L)
    Gagné et al. 2006
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Elliptio complanata (Freshwater mussel) immunotoxic effect: decreased cell adherence 24 h   0, 2.5, 25, 50, 100 uM     Hemolymphs from 10 mussels were collected and analysed           61 uM
(14.4123846 mg/L)
    Gagné et al. 2006
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, amphipoda) activity 1.5 h nine measurements per concentration 0, 1 ng/L to 1 mg/L     24 chambers, one G. pulex in each           0.010 ug/L
(0.00001 mg/L)
    De Lange et al. 2006
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           43.6 ug/L
(0.0436 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           113.4 ug/L
(0.1134 mg/L)
    1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           388.2 ug/L
(0.3882 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Hyalella azteca (Freshwater amphipod) growth 10 days       7-14 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 8-15 animals in each beaker     15.0 mg/L           Dussault et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Hyalella azteca (Freshwater amphipod) survival 10 days       7-14 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 8-15 animals in each beaker   9.9 mg/L             Dussault et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Hydra attenuata (Cnidarian) morphological changes 96 h   0.1-50/100mg/L     3 Hydra in each of the 3 wells per exposure concentration on a 12 well multi-well plate   29.4 mg/L 15.52 mg/L   1 mg/L 5 mg/L     Quinn et al. 2008a
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Hydra attenuata (Cnidarian) feeding behaviour and hydranth no. 96 h   0.1-50/100mg/L     3 Hydra in each of the 3 wells per exposure concentration on a 12 well multi-well plate     3.76 mg/L           Quinn et al. 2008a
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 ISO/WD 20079 (2001), using the Steinberg-medium Lemna minor (Duckweed) inhibition of average growth rate 7 days   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L     Three treatment replicates and six control replicates.     25.5 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) neutral red uptake 48 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     81.4 uM
(19.23226404 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) LDH activity 48 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     67 uM
(15.8299962 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) LDH activity 72 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     38.5 uM
(9.0963411 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) LDH activity 24 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     72 uM
(17.0113392 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) cell viability: MTT metabolization 72 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     24.6 uM
(5.81220756 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) cell viability: MTT metabolization 48 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     94.2 uM
(22.25650212 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) neutral red uptake 72 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     19 uM
(4.4891034 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) neutral red uptake 24 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     >100 uM           Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) total protein content 72 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     33.6 uM
(7.93862496 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) total protein content 48 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     62.9 uM
(14.86129494 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) total protein content 24 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     76.2 uM
(18.00366732 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Monkey kidney (Vero cell line) cell viability: MTT metabolization 24 h         Initial density: 14 000 cells/mL into 24-well culture plates     >100 uM
(23.62686 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 test on hepatocytes, cytotoxicity test, MTT assay Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) cytotoxicity 24 h   31.3-500 uM   immature       318 uM
(75.1334148 mg/L)
          Laville et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 EROD activity test Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) inhibition 24 h       immature       318 uM
(75.1334148 mg/L)
          Laville et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 OECD, 1992, TG 203 Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 48 h             35.4 mg/L             Kim et al. 2007
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 OECD, 1992, TG 203 Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 96 h             35.4 mg/L             Kim et al. 2007
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 test on hepatocytes, cytotoxicity test, MTT assay Poeciliopsis lucida (Topminnow) cytotoxicity 24 h   3.9-500 uM           651 uM
(153.8108586 mg/L)
          Laville et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Algal Growth Inhibition test Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Growth inhibition rate 96 h   maximum 10mg/L           48.9 mg/L   520.6 ug/L
(0.5206 mg/L)
      Harada et al. 2008
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 algal growth inhibition test Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) growth 96 h               >100,00 mg/L   >100 mg/L       Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) growth inhibition 96 h                   >100 mg/L >100 mg/L     Ferrari et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Riverine biofilm community structure and activity Riverine biofilm community increase in beta proteobacteria and decrease in gamma proteobacteria 8 weeks   10 ug/L                 10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Lawrence et al. 2005
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Riverine biofilm community structure and activity Riverine biofilm community increase in LGC354c and HGC69a probe positive cells 8 weeks   10 ug/L                 10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Lawrence et al. 2005
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Riverine biofilm community structure and activity Riverine biofilm community increase in fungal populations 8 weeks   10 ug/L                 10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Lawrence et al. 2005
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Riverine biofilm community structure and activity Riverine biofilm community increased bacterial counts (R2A media) 8 weeks   10 ug/L                 10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Lawrence et al. 2005
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Riverine biofilm community structure and activity Riverine biofilm community decrease in cyanobacterial biomass 8 weeks   10 ug/L                 10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Lawrence et al. 2005
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Riverine biofilm community structure and activity Riverine biofilm community decrease in bacterial biomass 8 weeks   10 ug/L                 10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Lawrence et al. 2005
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Riverine biofilm community structure and activity Riverine biofilm community carbohydrate utility spectra 8 weeks   10 ug/L                 10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Lawrence et al. 2005
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) total protein content 48 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     713 uM
(168.4595118 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) MTS metabolization 48 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     608.6 uM
(143.79306996 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) MTS metabolization 72 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     601.4 uM
(142.09193604 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) G6PDH activity 24 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     853 uM
(201.5371158 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) G6PDH activity 48 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     716.7 uM
(169.33370562 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) G6PDH activity 72 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     687 uM
(162.3165282 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) LDH leakage 24 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     >1200 uM           Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) neutral red uptake 48 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     472.6 uM
(111.66054036 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) total protein content 24 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     832 uM
(196.5754752 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) total protein content 72 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     933 uM
(220.4386038 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) neutral red uptake 24 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     496 uM
(117.1892256 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) neutral red uptake 72 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     495 uM
(116.952957 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) MTS metabolization 24 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     698 uM
(164.9154828 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) LDH activity 24 h         Initial density: 8000 cells/well in 96-well tissue-culture plates     >1200 uM           Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Spirotox Spirostomum ambiguum (Ciliate) morphological changes/ spherical deformation and autolysis 24 h             70,7 mg/L
(70.7 mg/L)
70,7 mg/L
(70.7 mg/L)
          Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 algal growth inhibition test Synechococcus leopolensis (Blue-green algae) growth 96 h               33.60 mg/L   17.50 mg/L       Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Protoxkit FTM Tetrahymena termophila (Ciliate) growth inhibition 24 h               40,5 mg/L
(40.5 mg/L)
          Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Rapidtoxkit (2004) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) food ingestion 1h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs 12 cup multiwells, 15-25 organisms in each     43.0 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     140 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Microtox test according to the standard AFNOR T90-320-3 (1999) Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 30 min               >81.00 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2004
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence 60 min               272 uM
(64.2650592 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence 15 min               332 uM
(78.4411752 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686   Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence 5 min               370 uM
(87.419382 mg/L)
          Jos et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Microtox Toxicity Analyzer Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) alteration in light output 15 min               52.5 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Microtox Toxicity Analyzer Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) alteration in light output 5 min               52.5 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 AFNOR T90-320-3 (1999) Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 30 min               >81 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2003
Carbamazepine   N03AF01 Antiepileptics 236.2686 Microtox Vibro fischeri bioluminescence inhibition 15 min   maximum 10mg/L           28.3 mg/L           Harada et al. 2008
Cefazolin Cefazolin Na J01DB04 Antibacterial agents   OECD (1993) no 201 Selenastrum capricornutum (Freshwater green algae) growth inhibition     5 concentrations, triplicates           >1000 mg/L   >1000 mg/L       Eguchi et al. 2004
Ceftriaxon disodium J01DD04 Antibacterial agents 554.5799 Respiration inhibition test OECD 209 aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 30 min   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Ceftriaxon disodium J01DD04 Antibacterial agents 554.5799 OECD 209, prolonged test aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 20 h   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Cefuroxime sodium J01DA06 Antibacterial agents 424.3853 OECD 209, prolonged test aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 20 h   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Cefuroxime sodium J01DA06 Antibacterial agents 424.3853 Respiration inhibition test OECD 209 aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 30 min   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Artoxkit M (with slight modifications) Artemia salina (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             6320 umol/L
(2042.177808 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Rotoxkit F (with slight modifications) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h             6420 umol/L
(2074.490748 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 EPA 821/R-02-012 (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h       372.4 mg/L           Choi et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 EPA 821/R-02-012 (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 96 h       <24h       81.2 mg/L           Choi et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 OECD standard protocol (1980), with a few modifications Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (neonates) Twenty neonates were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations, repeated at least three times     1.68 mM
(542.857392 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 OECD guideline 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h               3360 umol/L
(1085.714784 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 EPA 821/R-02-012 (2002) Moina macrocopa (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h       511.5 mg/L           Choi et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 EPA 821/R-02-012 (2002) Moina macrocopa (Crustacean) immobilization 96 h       <24h       273.3 mg/L           Choi et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) extracellular radioactivity 3h         Cell density: 2*10^6 cells/mL     0.011 mM
(3.5544234 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 OECD (1992) no 203 Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 48 h       12 +/- 2d posthatch     >1000 mg/L             Choi et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 OECD (1992) no 203 Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 96 h       12 +/- 2d posthatch     >1000 mg/L             Choi et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Microtox test Photobacterium phosphoreum (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 5 or 15 min               5310 umol/L
(1715.817114 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Spirotox Spirostomum ambiguum (Ciliate) morphological changes/ spherical deformation and autolysis 24 h             707 mg/L 707 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Streptoxkit F (with slight modifications) Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             943 umol/L
(304.7110242 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Protoxkit FTM Tetrahymena termophila (Ciliate) morphological changes/ spherical deformation and autolysis 24 h               53,3 mg/L
(53.3 mg/L)
          Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Chronic bioluminescence assay Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 24 h               0.0643 mg/L           Backhaus and Grimme 1999
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Standard test, bacterial toxicity Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) inhibition 5 min                 598.0 mg/L         Choi et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 ISO/CD 11348 (1994) Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 30 min   16 test concentrations           80.1 mg/L           Backhaus et al. 1997
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 ISO/CD 11348 (1994) Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 30 min   16 test concentrations           19.9 mg/L           Backhaus et al. 1997
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 Standard test, bacterial toxicity Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) inhibition 15 min                 537.5 mg/L         Choi et al. 2008
Chloramphenicol   J01BA01 Antibacterial agents 323.1294 ISO/CD 11348 (1994) with minor modifications Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 24 h   16 test concentrations           0.06 mg/L           Backhaus et al. 1997
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721 Artoxkit M (with slight modifications) Artemia salina (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             3960 umol/L
(1266.693516 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721 Rotoxkit F (with slight modifications) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h             8.5 umol/L
(2.71891285 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721 OECD standard protocol (1980), with a few modifications Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (neonates) Twenty neonates were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations, repeated at least three times     0.096 mM
(30.7077216 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721 OECD guideline 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h               84.3 umol/L
(26.96521803 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Chloroquine P01BA01 P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721   Glycine max (Soybean) inhibited growth 13 days   0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/g soil     15 (3 per concentration) Through soil       2 mg/g 4 mg/g     Jjemba 2002
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) extracellular radioactivity 3h         Cell density: 2*10^6 cells/mL     40.66 mM
(13005.999586 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721 Microtox test Photobacterium phosphoreum (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 5 or 15 min               1680 umol/L
(537.385128 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721 Streptoxkit F (with slight modifications) Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             22.6 umol/L
(7.22910946 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721 Rapidtoxkit (2004) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) food ingestion 1h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs 12 cup multiwells, 15-25 organisms in each     6.40 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Chloroquine Chloroquine phosphate P01BA01 Antiprotozoals 319.8721 Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     4.70 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine HCl N05AA01 Psycholeptics 318.8642 ISO/WD 20079 (2001) Lemna minor (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days       Initially three or four fronds Six-well plates, one plant in each well, three replicates     0.92 mg/L           Kaza et al. 2007
Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine HCl N05AA01 Psycholeptics 318.8642 Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     0.38 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Chlorpromazine Chlorpromazine HCl N05AA01 Psycholeptics 318.8642 Rapidtoxkit (2004) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) food ingestion 1h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs 12 cup multiwells, 15-25 organisms in each     1.60 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   Respiration inhibition test OECD 209 aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 30 min   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   OECD 209, prolonged test aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 20 h   (0,001-750 mg/L)             10-100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   US EPA-821-R-02-012 (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h four replicates of five organisms     380 mg/L           Park and Choi 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   US EPA-821-R-02-012 (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h four replicates of five organisms     225 mg/L           Park and Choi 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           552.8 ug/L
(0.5528 mg/L)
    1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           575 ug/L
(0.575 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           950.6 ug/L
(0.9506 mg/L)
    1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           885.7 ug/L
(0.8857 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           734.5 ug/L
(0.7345 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           397.5 ug/L
(0.3975 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           147 ug/L
(0.147 mg/L)
    1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           358.6 ug/L
(0.3586 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   ASTM, static toxicity test with Lemna gibba G-3, E 1415-91 (1998) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days         Two L. gibba plants, each with four fronds, in each dish, eighteen dishes     219 ug/L
(0.219 mg/L)
    100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2004
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   ISO 8692 (1989), modified version Microcystis aeruginosa (Freshwater cyanobacteria) growth inhibition 7 days   0.002-10 mg/L     Initial density; 2*10^4 cells/mL     0.05 mg/L           Halling-Sorensen 2000
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   US EPA-821-R-02-012 (2002) Moina macrocopa (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h four replicates of five organisms     272 mg/L           Park and Choi 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   US EPA-821-R-02-012 (2002) Moina macrocopa (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h four replicates of five organisms     515 mg/L           Park and Choi 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   OECD guideline 203 (1993) Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 48 h       10-14 days post hatch four replicates of five fish each   88.4 mg/L             Park and Choi 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   OECD guideline 203 (1993) Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 96 h       10-14 days post hatch four replicates of five fish each   78.9 mg/L             Park and Choi 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   OECD 201(2006) with minor modifications Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata Growth inhibition 72 h   250-8000 ug/L             1800 ug/L
(1.8 mg/L)
500 ug/L
(0.5 mg/L)
1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Yang et al. 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   ISO 8692 (1989), modified version Selenastrum capricornutum (Freshwater green algae) growth inhibition 3 days   0.005-10 mg/L     Initial density; 1*10^4 cells/mL     3.1 mg/L           Halling-Sorensen 2000
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   Microtox Model 500 analyser Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 15 min                 13 mg/L         Park and Choi 2008
Chlortetracycline   J01AA03 Antibacterial agents   Microtox Model 500 analyser Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 5 min                 >20 mg/L         Park and Choi 2008
Cimetidine   A02BA01 Drugs for acid related disorders 252.3392 EPA/600/4-90/027F (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h               379.7 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Cimetidine   A02BA01 Drugs for acid related disorders 252.3392 EPA/600/4-90/027F (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 96 h               271.3 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Cimetidine   A02BA01 Drugs for acid related disorders 252.3392 OECD, 1992, TG 203 Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 96 h             >100 mg/L             Kim et al. 2007
Cimetidine   A02BA01 Drugs for acid related disorders 252.3392 OECD, 1992, TG 203 Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 48 h             >100 mg/L             Kim et al. 2007
Cimetidine   A02BA01 Drugs for acid related disorders 252.3392 Microtox Toxicity Analyzer Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) alteration in light output 5 min               458.9 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Cimetidine   A02BA01 Drugs for acid related disorders 252.3392 Microtox Toxicity Analyzer Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) alteration in light output 15 min               375.9 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Cinoxacin   J01MB06 Antibacterial agents   Long-term bioluminescence inhibition assay Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 24 h   At least 16 different concentrations           116.95 ug/L
(0.11695 mg/L)
  26.22 ug/L
(0.02622 mg/L)
      Backhaus et al. 2000
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415 OECD 203 (1992) Brachydanio rerio (zebrafish)       30 and 100 mg/L               100 mg/L       Halling-Sorensen et al. 2000
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415 OECD 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean)       30 and 60 mg/L               60 mg/L       Halling-Sorensen et al. 2000
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415 ASTM, static toxicity test with Lemna gibba G-3, E 1415-91 (1998) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days         Two L. gibba plants, each with four fronds, in each dish, eighteen dishes     697 ug/L
(0.697 mg/L)
    300 ug/L
(0.3 mg/L)
    Brain et al. 2004
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415   Lemna minor (Duckweed) reproduction 7 days   four different concentrations     10-15 fronds, triplicate experiments with four concentrations and a control     203 ug/L
(0.203 mg/L)
          Robinson et al. 2005
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415   Microcystis aeruginosa (Freshwater cyanobacteria) growth and reproduction 5 days   five different concentrations           17 ug/L
(0.017 mg/L)
          Robinson et al. 2005
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415   Microcystis aeruginosa (Freshwater cyanobacteria)                   0.005 mg/L           Halling-Sorensen et al. 2000
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415 OECD 201(2006) with minor modifications Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata Growth inhibition 72 h   5000-20000 ug/L             6700 ug/L
(6.7 mg/L)
<500 ug/L 5000 ug/L
(5 mg/L)
    Yang et al. 2008
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415   Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) growth and reproduction 3 days   five different concentrations           18 700 ug/L
(18.7 mg/L)
          Robinson et al. 2005
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415 ISO 17 012 (1995), modified Pseudomonas putida (Bacteria) growth inhibition                 80 ug/L
(0.08 mg/L)
          Kümmerer et al. 2000
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415 OECD.201 (1984) Selenastrum capricornutum (Freshwater green algae)                   2.97 mg/L           Halling-Sorensen et al. 2000
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415 ISO 15522 (1998) Sludge bacteria                   0.61 mg/L           Halling-Sorensen et al. 2000
Ciprofloxacin   J01MA02 Antibacterial agents 331.3415   Stream microbial communities microbial respiration 12 days   1.0, 10, 100.0 ug/L (nominal conc.)     Two leaf disks in each experimental chamber           100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
    Maul et al. 2006
Citalopram   N06AB04 Psychoanaleptics 324.3919 EPA/600/4-90/027F (1993) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) mortality 48 h   0.59-7.84 mg/L   < 24 h Five treatment concentrations, 20 neonates (4 cups) were exposed to each treatment concentration and the control.   3.90 mg/L             Henry et al. 2004
Citalopram   N06AB04 Psychoanaleptics 324.3919 EPA/600/4-91/002 (1994) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) reproduction inhibition 7-8 days       < 24 h Five treatment concentrations, each treatment and the control had ten replicates, each replicate consisted of one neonate.         0.80 mg/L 4.00 mg/L     Henry et al. 2004
Citalopram   N06AB04 Psychoanaleptics 324.3919 ISO 6341 (1989), except for the test media; OECD guideline 211, Daphnia magna reproduction test. (2006) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       < 24 h Five animals were used for each of four replicates per concentration and 20-40 animals in the control group     20 mg/L           Christensen et al. 2007
Citalopram   N06AB04 Psychoanaleptics 324.3919   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) decrease in aggressive behavior and stress responsiveness 7 days   0, 100 ug/kg   2 years old 16 Through food             100 ug/kg Lepage et a.l 2005
Citalopram   N06AB04 Psychoanaleptics 324.3919 A miniscale algal toxicity test. P. Arensberg et al. (1995). Chem. 30, 2103-2115 Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) algal growth inhibition 48 h         Initial density; 10^4 cells/mL     1.6 mg/L           Christensen et al. 2007
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 OECD 209, prolonged test aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 24 h   (0,001-750 mg/L)             10-100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 Respiration inhibition test OECD 209 aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 30 min   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 ASTM E1440-91 (1991) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h       juveniles (0-2 h) Five test dilutions with six replicates of five animals   35.46 mg/L             Isidori et al. 2005b
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 ISO/CD 20666 (2001) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) population growth inhibition 48 h         24-well microplates, one rotifer placed into each well, four replicates per concentration     12.21 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 USEPA, EPA-600-4-90-027F (1993) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) immobilization 48 h       <24h 24-well plates, ten animals per well, three replicates per concentration     18.66 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 ISO/CD 20665 (2001) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) population growth inhibition 7 days   seven different concentrations   <24h   Exposed individually   8.16 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 ISO/6341 (1996) Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h Five daphnids per vessel, four replicates for each of five concentrations     25.72 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 OECD 201(2006) with minor modifications Pseudokirchnerella subcapitata Growth inhibition 72 h   5-160 ug/L             46 ug/L
(0.046 mg/L)
<40 ug/L 40 ug/L
(0.04 mg/L)
    Yang et al. 2008
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 Algal Growth Inhibition test Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata Growth inhibition rate 96 h   maximum 10mg/L           0.012 mg/L   5.2 ug/L
(0.0052 mg/L)
      Harada et al. 2008
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534 ISO/DIS 8692 (1989) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) growth inhibition 72 h   five different concentrations     Initial density was in the order of 10^4 cells/mL     0.0020 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Clarithromycin   J01FA09 Antibacterial agents 747.9534   Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       second- and third-instar fairy shrimp larvae 24-well plates, ten animals per well, three replicates per concentration   33.64 mg/L             Isidori et al. 2005b
Clindamycin   G01AA10 Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics   Respiration inhibition test OECD 209 aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 30 min   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Clindamycin   G01AA10 Gynecological antiinfectives and antiseptics   OECD 209, prolonged test aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 20 h   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Clofibrate   C10AB01 Blood lipid lowering agents     Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) kidney, ultrastructural effects 28 days   1, 5, 20, 50, 100 ug/L F+M 1,5-1,8 year-old 24 per conc. 6-8 were used           >100 ug/L     Triebskorn et al. 2007
Clofibrate   C10AB01 Blood lipid lowering agents     Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) liver, ultrastructural effects 28 days   1, 5, 20, 50, 100 ug/L F+M 1,5-1,8 year-old 24 per conc. 6-8 were used           >100 ug/L     Triebskorn et al. 2007
Clofibrate   C10AB01 Blood lipid lowering agents     Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) gills, ultrastructural effects 28 days   1, 5, 20, 50, 100 ug/L F+M 1,5-1,8 year-old 24 per conc. 6-8 were used           5 ug/L
(0.005 mg/L)
    Triebskorn et al. 2007
Clofibrate   C10AB01 Blood lipid lowering agents   Alamar Blue assay RTL-W1 (Rainbow trout liver cell line) change in energy metabolism (cytotoxicity) 24 h   five-six different concentrations           21.8 uM           Schnell et al. 2009
Clofibrate   C10AB01 Blood lipid lowering agents   CFDA-AM assay RTL-W1 (Rainbow trout liver cell line) decrease in membrane integrity (cytotoxicity) 24 h   five-six different concentrations           24.4 uM           Schnell et al. 2009
Clotrimazole   D01AC01 Antifungals for dermatological use     Microalgal communities (Periphyton) Inhibition of sterol biosynthesis                       50 pmol/L     Porsbring et al. 2009
Clotrimazole   D01AC01 Antifungals for dermatological use     Microalgal communities (Periphyton) Xanthophyll cycle pigment ratio                     5 pmol/L       Porsbring et al. 2009
Clotrimazole   D01AC01 Antifungals for dermatological use     Microalgal communities (Periphyton) Pigment composition                     10 nmol/L       Porsbring et al. 2009
Clotrimazole   D01AC01 Antifungals for dermatological use     Microalgal communities (Periphyton) Chlorophyll a content                     10 nmol/L 500 pmol/L     Porsbring et al. 2009
Clotrimazole   D01AC01 Antifungals for dermatological use     Xenopus tropicalis (Frog) aromatase activity in brain     6, 41, 375 nM   Tadpoles             375 nM     Gyllenhammar et al. 2009
Clotrimazole   D01AC01 Antifungals for dermatological use     Xenopus tropicalis (Frog) aromatase activity in gonad/kidney     6, 41, 375 nM F+M Tadpoles             41 nM     Gyllenhammar et al. 2009
Cyclophosphamide   L01AA01 Antineoplastic agents     Aterias rubens (sea star) increase in righting time 7 days   18, 32, 56 mg/L     4 per concentration           32 mg/L     Canty et al. 2009
Cyclophosphamide   L01AA01 Antineoplastic agents   Mn assay Aterias rubens (sea star) increase in micronuclei induction (cytogenetic damage) (per 1000 cells) 7 days   18, 32, 56 mg/L                 18 mg/L     Canty et al. 2009
Cyclophosphamide   L01AA01 Antineoplastic agents   Comet assay Aterias rubens (sea star) increase in DNA strand breaks (% tail DNA) 7 days   18, 32, 56 mg/L                 18 mg/L     Canty et al. 2009
Cyclophosphamide   L01AA01 Antineoplastic agents     Aterias rubens (sea star) mortality 7 days   18, 32, 56 mg/L                 56 mg/L     Canty et al. 2009
Cyclophosphamide   L01AA01 Antineoplastic agents     Mytilus edulis (blue mussel) mortality 7 days   18, 32, 56, 100, 180 mg/L                 >180 mg/L     Canty et al. 2009
Cyclophosphamide   L01AA01 Antineoplastic agents   Comet assay Mytilus edulis (blue mussel) increase in DNA strand breaks (% tail DNA) 7 days   18, 32, 56, 100, 180 mg/L                 18 mg/L     Canty et al. 2009
Cyclophosphamide   L01AA01 Antineoplastic agents   Mn assay Mytilus edulis (blue mussel) increase in micronuclei induction (cytogenetic damage) (per 1000 cells) 7 days   18, 32, 56, 100, 180 mg/L                 18 mg/L     Canty et al. 2009
Cycloserine   J04AB01 Antimycobacterials   Chronic bioluminescence assay Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 24 h               65.5 mg/L           Backhaus and Grimme 1999
Dexamethasone   H02AB02 Corticosteroids for systemic use 392.4611 ASTM, E1440-91 (1991) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h       0-2 h (juveniles) 36-well plates with five rotifers per well, six replicates for each of the five conc.   48.22 mg/L             DellaGreca et al. 2004
Dexamethasone   H02AB02 Corticosteroids for systemic use 392.4611 ISO/CD 20665 (2001) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) population growth inhibition 7 days       <24h (juveniles) Exposed individually to seven concentrations, ten replicates per conc.     0.05 ppm           DellaGreca et al. 2004
Dexamethasone   H02AB02 Corticosteroids for systemic use 392.4611 ISO 6341 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (juveniles) Five daphnids per vessel, four replicates for each of the five conc.     48.30 mg/L           DellaGreca et al. 2004
Dexamethasone   H02AB02 Corticosteroids for systemic use 392.4611   Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       second- and third-instar fairy larvae 24-well plates, ten organisms per well, three replicates for each of the five conc.   60.11 mg/L             DellaGreca et al. 2004
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402   Artemia parthenogenetica (Hypersaline crustacean) oxidative stress biomarker: inhibition of ChE 48 h   4.07, 4.89, 5.86, 7.04, 8.44 mg/L   <24h 100 animals per replicate and treatment           7.04 mg/L     Nunes et al. 2006
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402   Artemia parthenogenetica (Hypersaline crustacean) oxidative stress biomarker: decrease in TBARS content 48 h   4.07, 4.89, 5.86, 7.04, 8.44 mg/L   <24h 100 animals per replicate and treatment           7.04 mg/L     Nunes et al. 2006
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Modified OECD test 202 Artemia parthenogenetica (Hypersaline crustacean) mortality 48 h   6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mg/L   <24h 10 specimens per replicate, three replicates per concentration   12.2 mg/L             Nunes et al. 2005
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402   Artemia parthenogenetica (Hypersaline crustacean) oxidative stress biomarker: increase in glutathione peroxidase activity 48 h   4.07, 4.89, 5.86, 7.04, 8.44 mg/L   <24h 100 animals per replicate and treatment           6.13 mg/L     Nunes et al. 2006
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Artoxkit M (with slight modifications) Artemia salina (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             230 umol/L
(65.490246 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Rotoxkit F (with slight modifications) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h             >35100 umol/L
(9994.38102 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 OECD standard protocol (1980), with a few modifications Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (neonates) Twenty neonates were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations, repeated at least three times     0.015 mM
(4.271103 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 OECD guideline 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h               49.5 umol/L
(14.0946399 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Modified OECD 203 (1984) Gambusia holbrooki (Euryhaline fish) mortality 96 h   5.21, 7.29, 10.2, 14.28, 20 mg/L F+M 2-2.5 cm long   Exposed individually 12.7 mg/L             Nunes et al. 2005
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Modified version of OECD test guideline 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test (1984) Gambusia holbrooki (Euryhaline fish) major behavioural changes and increase of the swim bladder size 96 h   4.26, 5.11, 6.13, 7.36, 8.83 mg/L (nominal conc.) M 2-2.5 cm long Ten individually exposed fish per treatment, three replicates           7.36 mg/L     Nunes et al. 2008
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Modified version of OECD test guideline 203: Fish, Acute Toxicity Test (1984) Gambusia holbrooki (Euryhaline fish) alteration of pigmentation and surface swimming 96 h   4.26, 5.11, 6.13, 7.36, 8.83 mg/L (nominal conc.) M 2-2.5 cm long Ten individually exposed fish per treatment, three replicates           4.26 mg/L     Nunes et al. 2008
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) clubbed tentacles, body slightly contracted 7 days   10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 24h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 48h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 72h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) extracellular radioactivity 3h         Cell density: 2*10^6 cells/mL     2.314 mM
(658.8888228 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Microtox test Photobacterium phosphoreum (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 5 or 15 min               >35000 umol/L
(9965.907 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 NR assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.440 mM
(125.285688 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 MTT assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.363 mM
(103.3606926 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 MTT assay RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) cell viability 24 h         3.5*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.604 mM
(171.9830808 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Streptoxkit F (with slight modifications) Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             362 umol/L
(103.0759524 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Diazepam   N05BA01 Psycholeptics 284.7402 Modified OECD 201 (1984) Tetraselmis chuii (Marine algae) growth inhibition 96 h   7.9, 11.85, 17.78, 26.67, 40 mg/L             16.5 mg/L         Nunes et al. 2005
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 AFNOR T90-377 (2000) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) reproduction inhibition 48 h       newly hatched 48 rotifers; five concentrations and one control, eight replicates         12.5 mg/L 25 mg/L     Ferrari et al. 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Rotoxkit according to the standard AFNOR T90-377 (2000) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) reproduction 48 h                   12.5 mg/L       Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 EPA 600/4_90/027 (1991) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) mobility inhibition 48 h       < 24 h 28 cups, five daphnids in each, six concentrations and one control, four replicates     22.7 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 EPA 600/4_90/027 (1991) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) mortality 48 h               22.704 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 AFNOR T90-376 (2000) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) reproduction inhibition 7 days       < 24 h           1 mg/L 2 mg/L     Ferrari et al. 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Chronic toxicity test according to the standard AFNOR T90-376 (2000) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) reproduction 7 days                   1,0 mg/L
(1 mg/L)
      Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 algal growth inhibition test Cyclotella meneghiniana (Diatom) growth 96 h               19.24 mg/L   10.0 mg/L       Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 10-d early life stage test according to ISO 12890 (1999) Danio rerio (Zebrafish) mortality 10 days       fish embryo           4,0 mg/L
(4 mg/L)
      Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 ISO 12890 (1999) Danio rerio (Zebrafish) embryos and larvae mortality 10 days       embryos, larvae 50 embryos         4 mg/L 8 mg/L     Ferrari et al. 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 OECD guideline 202 (2004) Daphnia magna immobilization 48 h   0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 75, 100, 125, 150 mg/L   <24 h 20 per concentration     39.9 mg/L           Haap et al. 2008
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Daphnia magna hsp70-level 48 h   0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 mg/L   12-19 days           30 mg/L 40 mg/L     Haap et al. 2008
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1992) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h and 48 h       Younger than 24h four replicates, 5 daphnids each     68.0 mg/L   45 mg/L       Cleuvers 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Acute toxicity test according to the standard AFNOR T90-301 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) mortality 48 h               22.430 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 EPA/600/4-91/002 (1994) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) reproduction inhibition 21 days   0.1-80 mg/L   <24h (neonates) Five replicates, containing one organism per test chamber, were exposed to nine conc and a control.         10 mg/L       Han et al. 2006
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 EPA/600/4-90/027F (1993) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) mortality 48 h       <24h (neonates) Four replicates, containing five organisms per test chamber, were exposed to eight different conc and a control.   80.1 mg/L             Han et al. 2006
Diclofenac Diclofenac-Na M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L   < 24 h Twenty daphnids for the controls and each treatment subdivided in four replicates each containing five daphnids.     68 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 AFNOR T90-301 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) mobility inhibition 48 h       < 24 h 28 cups, five daphnids in each, six concentrations and one control, four replicates     224.3 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC (1993) Desmodesmus subspicatus (Green algae) growth inhibition                 71.9 mg/L   50 mg/L       Cleuvers 2004
Diclofenac Diclofenac-Na M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 European Guideline; EEC Directive 92/69/EEC Desmodesmus subspicatus (Green algae) inhibition of average growth rate 3 days   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L     Initial density; 10^4 cells/mL     72 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 SCGE assay Dreissena polymorpha (freshwater bivalve zebra mussel) increase in DNA damage represented by LDR (genotoxicity)     60, 156, 250 ug/L                 60 ug/L
(0.06 mg/L)
    Parolini et al. 2009
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Trypan blue exclusion method Dreissena polymorpha (freshwater bivalve zebra mussel) haemocyte viability           4 or 5 mussels, 2 replicates     178 ug/L
(0.178 mg/L)
          Parolini et al. 2009
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 NRR assay Dreissena polymorpha (freshwater bivalve zebra mussel) decrease in neutral red retention time (cytotoxicity)     60, 156, 250 ug/L                 250 ug/L
(0.25 mg/L)
    Parolini et al. 2009
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 DNA diffusion assay Dreissena polymorpha (freshwater bivalve zebra mussel) increase in frequency of apoptotic cells (genotoxicity)     60, 156, 250 ug/L                 156 ug/L
(0.156 mg/L)
    Parolini et al. 2009
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 ASTM, standard 96-hour static algal bioassays, Vol. 11.05 (1996) Dunaliella tertiolecta (Phytoplankton) cell density 96 h   25, 50, 100, 200, 400 mg/L     Initial density; approximately 50 000 cells/mL     185.69 mg/L           DeLorenzo and Fleming 2008
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Gyps bengalensis (Oriental white-backed vulture) renal disease varying   0,007 mg/kg to 0,940 mg/kg   adult, subadult, juvenile 20 (+ 6 controls) Direct orally+through diclofenac-treated livestock             0.007 mg/kg Oaks et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 ISO/WD 20079 (2001) Lemna minor (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days       Initially three or four fronds Six-well plates, one plant in each well, three replicates     148 mg/L           Kaza et al. 2007
Diclofenac Diclofenac-Na M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 ISO/WD 20079 (2001), using the Steinberg-medium Lemna minor (Duckweed) inhibition of average growth rate 7 days   (0.1, 0.32), 1, 3.2, 10, 32, 100, (320) mg/L     Three treatment replicates and six control replicates.     7.5 mg/L           Cleuvers 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 test on hepatocytes, cytotoxicity test, MTT assay Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) cytotoxicity 24 h   31.3-500 uM   immature       420 uM           Laville et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) kidney, ultrastructural effects 28 days   1, 5, 20, 100, 500 ug/L F+M 1,5-1,8 year-old 24 per conc. 6-8 were used           1 ug/L
(0.001 mg/L)
    Triebskorn et al. 2007
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) liver, ultrastructural effects 28 days   1, 5, 20, 100, 500 ug/L F+M 1,5-1,8 year-old 24 per conc. 6-8 were used           1 ug/L
(0.001 mg/L)
    Triebskorn et al. 2007
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) renal lesions and alterations of the gill 28 days   0, 1, 5, 20, 100, 500 ug/L   1.8 years 10 per concentration.         1 ug/L
(0.001 mg/L)
5 ug/L
(0.005 mg/L)
    Schwaiger et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) gills, ultrastructural effects 28 days   1, 5, 20, 100, 500 ug/L F+M 1,5-1,8 year-old 24 per conc. 6-8 were used           1 ug/L
(0.001 mg/L)
    Triebskorn et al. 2007
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) cytological alterations in liver, kidney and gills 28 days   0, 1, 5, 20, 100, 500 ug/L   about 2 years old 6 per concentration           1 ug/L
(0.001 mg/L)
    Triebskorn et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 EROD activity test Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout) inhibition 24 h       immature       63 uM           Laville et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 96 h   1, 12.5, 19, 25, 50, 100, 120 mg/L   35-50 days old (juveniles) Seven fish per each concentration (7) and each test was conducted three times   8 mg/L (LC10)       1 mg/L     Hong et al. 2007
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) induction of CYP1A, p53 gene and VTG 4 days   1 ug/L and 8 mg/L   5-6 months old Three fish per concentration and solvent at each time point (0h, 12h, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days)           1 ug/L
(0.001 mg/L)
    Hong et al. 2007
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 NR assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.269 mM
(79.663812 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 MTT assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.243 mM
(71.963964 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 test on hepatocytes, cytotoxicity test, MTT assay Poeciliopsis lucida (Topminnow) cytotoxicity 24 h   31.3-500 uM           19 uM           Laville et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) growth inhibition 96 h                   10 mg/L 20 mg/L     Ferrari et al. 2003
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 algal growth inhibition test Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) growth 96 h               16.3 mg/L   10.0 mg/L       Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 MTT assay RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) cell viability 24 h         3.5*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     1.78 mM
(527.14344 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Alamar Blue assay RTL-W1 (Rainbow trout liver cell line) change in energy metabolism (cytotoxicity) 24 h   five-six different concentrations           257.4 uM           Schnell et al. 2009
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 CFDA-AM assay RTL-W1 (Rainbow trout liver cell line) decrease in membrane integrity (cytotoxicity) 24 h   five-six different concentrations           266.8 uM           Schnell et al. 2009
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148   Salmo trutta f. fario (Fish) monocyte infiltration/accumulation in liver 21 days   0.5, 5, 50ug/L   18 months 36 fish per exposure concentration         0.5 ug/L
(0.0005 mg/L)
      Hoeger et al. 2005
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 A cell-reproduction test Scenedesmus vacuolatus (Green algae) inhibition of algal reproduction 144 h   50 mg/L     Initial density: 7.5*10^4 cells/mL     0.023 mg/L           Schmitt-Jansen et al. 2007
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 A cell-reproduction test Scenedesmus vacuolatus (Green algae) inhibition of algal reproduction 53 h   50 mg/L     Initial density: 7.5*10^4 cells/mL     0.48 mg/L           Schmitt-Jansen et al. 2007
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 algal growth inhibition test Synechococcus leopolensis (Blue-green algae) growth 96 h               14.5 mg/L   10.0 mg/L       Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Rapidtoxkit (2004) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) food ingestion 1h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs 12 cup multiwells, 15-25 organisms in each     46 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     41 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Microtox test according to the standard AFNOR T90-320-3 (1999) Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 30 min               11.454 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2004
Diclofenac Diclofenac-Na M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 ToxAlert 100 Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 15 min               13.5 mg/L           Farré et al. 2001
Diclofenac   M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 AFNOR T90-320-3 (1999) Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 30 min               11.45 mg/L           Ferrari et al. 2003
Diclofenac Diclofenac-Na M01AB05 Anti-inflammatory and anti-reumatic agents 296.148 Microtox Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 15 min               13.7 mg/L           Farré et al. 2001
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385 Artoxkit M (with slight modifications) Artemia salina (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             >12800 umol/L
(9996.0128 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385 Rotoxkit F (with slight modifications) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h             >12800 umol/L
(9996.0128 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385 OECD standard protocol (1980), with a few modifications Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h (neonates) Twenty neonates were introduced into vessels containing different concentrations, repeated at least three times     0.031 mM
(24.2090935 mg/L)
          Lilius et al. 1994
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385 OECD guideline 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h               >12800 umol/L
(9996.0128 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) mean number of Artemia ingested 7 days 10 day feeding/budding study followed 7 d exposure 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 24h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 48h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidarian) regeneration of digestive region 17 days regeneration of digestive region observed for 72h 10, 100 ug/L, 1.0, 10 mg/L     Five replicate animals used for each concentration and controls           10 ug/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2003
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385 Microtox test Photobacterium phosphoreum (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 5 or 15 min               >12800 umol/L
(9996.0128 mg/L)
          Calleja et al. 1994
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385 Spirotox Spirostomum ambiguum (Ciliate) morphological changes/ spherical deformation and autolysis 24 h             35.4 mg/L 8.84 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385 Streptoxkit F (with slight modifications) Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             >12800 umol/L
(9996.0128 mg/L)
            Calleja et al. 1994
Digoxin   C01AA05 Cardiac therapy 780.9385 Protoxkit FTM Tetrahymena termophila (Ciliate) growth inhibition 24 h               26,3 mg/L
(26.3 mg/L)
          Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Dihydrostreptomycin Veterinary use QA07AA90 Antidiarrheals, intestinal antiinflammatory /antiinfective agents   OECD (1993) no 201 Selenastrum capricornutum (Freshwater green algae) growth inhibition     5 concentrations, triplicates           0.107 mg/L   <0.039 mg/L       Eguchi et al. 2004
Diltiazem   C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 EPA/600/4-90/027F (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h               28 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Diltiazem   C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 EPA/600/4-90/027F (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 96 h               8.2 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Diltiazem   C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 OECD, 1992, TG 203 Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 96 h             15.0 mg/L             Kim et al. 2007
Diltiazem   C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 OECD, 1992, TG 203 Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) mortality 48 h             25.6 mg/L             Kim et al. 2007
Diltiazem Diltiazem HCl C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     73 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Diltiazem Diltiazem HCl C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 Rapidtoxkit (2004) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) food ingestion 1h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs 12 cup multiwells, 15-25 organisms in each     10.2 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Diltiazem   C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 Microtox Toxicity Analyzer Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) alteration in light output 15 min               263.7 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Diltiazem   C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 Chronic bioluminescence assay Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 24 h               152 mg/L           Backhaus and Grimme 1999
Diltiazem   C08DB01 Calcium antagonists 414.5179 Microtox Toxicity Analyzer Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) alteration in light output 5 min               407.4 mg/L           Kim et al. 2007
Diphenylhydantoin   N03AB02 Antiepileptics   Artoxkit M (with slight modifications) Artemia salina (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             >39600 umol/L             Calleja et al. 1994
Diphenylhydantoin   N03AB02 Antiepileptics   Rotoxkit F (with slight modifications) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h             >39600 umol/L             Calleja et al. 1994
Diphenylhydantoin   N03AB02 Antiepileptics   OECD guideline 202 (1984) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h               >39600 umol/L           Calleja et al. 1994
Diphenylhydantoin   N03AB02 Antiepileptics     Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) extracellular radioactivity 3h         Cell density: 2*10^6 cells/mL     5.63 mM           Lilius et al. 1994
Diphenylhydantoin   N03AB02 Antiepileptics   Microtox test Photobacterium phosphoreum (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 5 or 15 min               >39600 umol/L           Calleja et al. 1994
Diphenylhydantoin   N03AB02 Antiepileptics   Spirotox Spirostomum ambiguum (Ciliate) morphological changes/ spherical deformation and autolysis 24 h             >100 mg/L >100 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Diphenylhydantoin   N03AB02 Antiepileptics   Streptoxkit F (with slight modifications) Streptocephalus proboscideus (Crustacea) mortality 24 h             248 umol/L             Calleja et al. 1994
Diphenylhydantoin   N03AB02 Antiepileptics   Protoxkit FTM Tetrahymena termophila (Ciliate) morphological changes/ spherical deformation and autolysis 24 h               47,6 mg/L
(47.6 mg/L)
          Nalecz-Jawecki and Sawicki 2003
Diphenylhydantoin 5,5-Diphenylhydantion N03AB02 Antiepileptics   Rapidtoxkit (2004) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) food ingestion 1h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs 12 cup multiwells, 15-25 organisms in each     33.7 mg/L           Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Diphenylhydantoin 5,5-Diphenylhydantion N03AB02 Antiepileptics   Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     44 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Doxorubicin   L01DB01 Antineoplastic agents 543.5193 MTT assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.00260 mM
(1.41315018 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Doxorubicin   L01DB01 Antineoplastic agents 543.5193 NR assay PLHC-1 fish cell line (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocytes) cell viability 24 h         6.0*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.00217 mM
(1.179436881 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Doxorubicin   L01DB01 Antineoplastic agents 543.5193 MTT assay RTG-2 cell line (Rainbow trout gonad) cell viability 24 h         3.5*10^5 cells/mL in 96-well tissue-culture microtiter plates     0.00470 mM
(2.55454071 mg/L)
          Caminada et al. 2006
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           274.9 ug/L
(0.2749 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           87.1 ug/L
(0.0871 mg/L)
    1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           45 ug/L
(0.045 mg/L)
    100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents     Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           36.9 ug/L
(0.0369 mg/L)
    1000 ug/L
(1 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Doxycycline   J01AA02 Antibacterial agents   ASTM, static toxicity test with Lemna gibba G-3, E 1415-91 (1998) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days         Two L. gibba plants, each with four fronds, in each dish, eighteen dishes     316 ug/L
(0.316 mg/L)
          Brain et al. 2004
Enalapril Enalapril maleate C09AA02 Agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system 376.4467 Thamnotoxkit F (1995) Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h       larvae hatched from dormant eggs     184 mg/L             Nalecz-Jawecki and Persoone 2006
Enoxacin   J01MA04 Antibacterial agents   Long-term bioluminescence inhibition assay Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 24 h   At least 16 different concentrations           49.33ug/L
(0.04933 mg/L)
  2.88 ug/L
(0.00288 mg/L)
      Backhaus et al. 2000
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents   US EPA-821-R-02-012 (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h four replicates of five organisms     131,7 mg/L
(131.7 mg/L)
          Park and Choi 2008
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents   US EPA-821-R-02-012 (2002) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24h four replicates of five organisms     56,7 mg/L
(56.7 mg/L)
          Park and Choi 2008
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents   OECD guideline 202 (1993) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) reproduction 21 days   five different concentrations: 0.03-0.5 mg/L   <24h organisms maintained individually         5 mg/L 15 mg/L     Park and Choi 2008
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents   OECD guideline 202 (1993) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) adult survival 21 days   five different concentrations: 0.03-0.5 mg/L   <24h organisms maintained individually     11.47 mg/L   5 mg/L 15 mg/L     Park and Choi 2008
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents     Lemna minor (Duckweed) reproduction 7 days   four different concentrations     10-15 fronds, triplicate experiments with four concentrations and a control     114 ug/L
(0.114 mg/L)
          Robinson et al. 2005
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents     Microcystis aeruginosa (Freshwater cyanobacteria) growth and reproduction 5 days   five different concentrations           49 ug/L
(0.049 mg/L)
          Robinson et al. 2005
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents   US EPA-821-R-02-012 (2002) Moina macrocopa (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24h four replicates of five organisms     285,7 mg/L
(285.7 mg/L)
          Park and Choi 2008
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents     Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) growth and reproduction 3 days   five different concentrations           3100 ug/L
(3.1 mg/L)
          Robinson et al. 2005
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents   Microtox Model 500 analyser Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 15 min                 326.8 mg/L         Park and Choi 2008
Enrofloxacin Veterinary use QJ01MA90 Antibacterial agents   Microtox Model 500 analyser Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) luminescence 5 min                 425 mg/L         Park and Choi 2008
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 Respiration inhibition test OECD 209 aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 30 min   (0,001-750 mg/L)             >100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 OECD 209, prolonged test aerobic bacteria inhibition of respiration 20 h   (0,001-750 mg/L)             10-100 mg/L         Kümmerer K. et al. 2004
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 ASTM E1440-91 (1991) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) mortality 24 h       juveniles (0-2 h) Five test dilutions with six replicates of five animals   27.53 mg/L             Isidori et al. 2005b
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 ISO/CD 20666 (2001) Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) population growth inhibition 48 h         24-well microplates, one rotifer placed into each well, four replicates per concentration     0.94 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 ISO/CD 20665 (2001) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) population growth inhibition 7 days   seven different concentrations   <24h   Exposed individually   0.22 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 USEPA, EPA-600-4-90-027F (1993) Ceriodaphnia dubia (Crustacean cladocera) immobilization 48 h   five different concentrations   <24h 24-well plates, ten animals per well, three replicates per concentration     10.23 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 OECD (1993) no 201 Chlorella vulgaris (Green algae) growth inhibition     5 concentrations, triplicates           33.8 mg/L   12.5 mg/L       Eguchi et al. 2004
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 ISO/6341 (1996) Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h   five different concentrations   <24h Five daphnids per vessel, four replicates for each of five concentrations     22.45 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 ASTM, static toxicity test with Lemna gibba G-3, E 1415-91 (1998) Lemna gibba (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days         Two L. gibba plants, each with four fronds, in each dish, eighteen dishes     > 1000 ug/L           Brain et al. 2004
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 USEPA(1996) Lemna minor FBR006 (Duckweed) growth inhibition 7 days   0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 ug/L     A total of 12 fronds per test chamber, three replicates     5.62 mg/L           Pomati et al. 2004
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 ISO/DIS 8692 (1989) Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (Green algae) growth inhibition 72 h   five different concentrations     Initial density was in the order of 10^4 cells/mL     0.020 mg/L           Isidori et al. 2005b
Erythromycin Erythromycin phosphate J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 According to ASTM E729-80 (1980) and USEPA EPA-660/3-75-009 (1975) Salvelinus namaycush (Lake trout) mortality 24 h   200-800 mg/L   7.0-8.2 g 20 fish (two replicates of 10 fish each) Water bath exposure 818.0 mg/L             Marking et al. 1988
Erythromycin Erythromycin phosphate J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 According to ASTM E729-80 (1980) and USEPA EPA-660/3-75-009 (1975) Salvelinus namaycush (Lake trout) mortality 96 h   200-800 mg/L   7.0-8.2 g 20 fish (two replicates of 10 fish each) Water bath exposure 410.0 mg/L             Marking et al. 1988
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268 OECD (1993) no 201 Selenastrum capricornutum (Freshwater green algae) growth inhibition     5 concentrations, triplicates           0.0366 mg/L   0.0103 mg/L       Eguchi et al. 2004
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268   Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Cyanobacteria) growth inhibition 0-5 days   0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 ug/L   Culture in late-logarithmic growth-phase Initial cell density set to approx. 0.1 OD750           1 ug/L
(0.001 mg/L)
    Pomati et al. 2004
Erythromycin   J01FA01 Antibacterial agents 733.9268   Thamnocephalus platyurus (Crustacean) mortality 24 h   five different concentrations   second- and third-instar fairy shrimp larvae 24-well plates, ten animals per well, three replicates per concentration   17.68 mg/L             Isidori et al. 2005b
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Carassius auratus (crucian carp) induction of vitellogenin (reproductive endocrine disruption) 14 days   5, 15, 30, 100, 150, 500 ng/L M   groups of 3     98.14 ng/L
(0.00009814 mg/L)
  30 ng/L
(0.00003 mg/L)
100 ng/L
(1 mg/L)
    Zhang et al. 2008
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vitro competitive radioreceptor assay Cyprinus carpio (Common carp hepatic ER) displacement of specific ER binding                 32 nM
(0.00871744 mg/L)
          Segner et al. 2003a
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vitro VTG induction assay Cyprinus carpio (Common carp hepatocytes) VTG induction 3 days 4 days   sexually immature or F   Initial density: 1.5-2.0*10^6 cells/mL     90 nM
(0.0245178 mg/L)
          Segner et al. 2003a
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) vitellogenin induction 8 days   0, 10, 20, 40, 70, 100, 200, 200 or 500 ng/L M adult 20-25 fish exposed to each concentration     41.2 ng/L
(0.0000412 mg/L)
    21 ng/L
(0.000021 mg/L)
    Rose et al. 2002
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 ISO Guideline 6341 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) moulting frequency 48 h       <24 h 5 daphnids in each beaker, 3 beakers for each test concentration     2.04 mg/L           Brennan et al. 2006
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 ISO Guideline 6341 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 24 h       <24 h 5 daphnids in each beaker, 3 beakers for each test concentration     3.67 mg/L           Brennan et al. 2006
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 ISO Guideline 6341 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) immobilization 48 h       <24 h 5 daphnids in each beaker, 3 beakers for each test concentration     2.87 mg/L           Brennan et al. 2006
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 ISO Guideline 6341 (1996) Daphnia magna (Crustacean) moulting frequency 24 h       <24 h 5 daphnids in each beaker, 3 beakers for each test concentration     1.55 mg/L           Brennan et al. 2006
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback) kidney cell primary culture inhibition of DHT-induced spiggin production 48 h   10^-14 - 10^-6 M F               272 ug/L
(272 mg/L)
    Jolly et al. 2009
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vivo study Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) increase in serum Vg levels   10 days 0.6 mg/kg on days 1, 4 and 7 M 2 years 5-7 fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             0.6 mg/kg Nimrod and Benson 1997
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vivo study Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) hepatic somatic index   10 days 0.6 mg/kg on days 1, 4 and 7 M 2 years 5-7 fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             0.6 mg/kg Nimrod and Benson 1997
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vitro study Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) binding inhibition       F 2 years         2.20 nM
(0.000599324 mg/L)
        Nimrod and Benson 1997
Estradiol 17B-estradiol-glucuronide G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) elevated serum E2 concentration 7 days   1 mg/kg M 12-18 months (200-500 g) Five fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             1 mg/kg Tilton et al. 2001
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) elevated serum E2 concentration 7 days   1 mg/kg M 12-18 months (200-500 g) Five fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             1 mg/kg Tilton et al. 2001
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) induction of vitellogenin 7 days   1 mg/kg M 12-18 months (200-500 g) Five fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             1 mg/kg Tilton et al. 2001
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vivo study Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) increase in Kd   10 days 0.6 mg/kg on days 1, 4 and 7 F 2 years 3-5 fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             0.6 mg/kg Nimrod and Benson 1997
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vivo study Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) increased number of hepatic binding sites   10 days 0.6 mg/kg on days 1, 4 and 7 M 2 years 5-7 fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             0.6 mg/kg Nimrod and Benson 1997
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vivo study Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) increase in Kd   10 days 0.6 mg/kg on days 1, 4 and 7 M 2 years 5-7 fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             0.6 mg/kg Nimrod and Benson 1997
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 MCF-7 breast tumor cell proliferation (E-Screen) assay MCF-7 cells growth                 8.7*10^-3 ug/L
(0.0087 mg/L)
          Folmar et al. 2002
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid copepod) sex ratio 18 days       <24h 10-15 nauplii in each vial, randomly allocated into different groups, six replicates per group           0.05 mg/L     Breitholtz and Bengtsson 2001
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Swedish standard SS 02 81 06, SIS (1991) Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid copepod) mortality 96 h       <24h 10-15 nauplii in each vial, randomly allocated into different groups, six replicates per group   1.6 mg/L             Breitholtz and Bengtsson 2001
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vitro VTG induction assay Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) VTG induction 3 days 4 days   sexually immature or F   Initial density: 1.5-2.0*10^6 cells/mL     26 nM
(0.00708292 mg/L)
          Segner et al. 2003a
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Oryzias latipes (Japanese ricefish) induced intersex (testis-ova) approximately 90 days       1 day Four test concentrations, one control, 60 fish in each         0.0004 ug/L
(0.0000004 mg/L)
0.004 ug/L
(0.000004 mg/L)
    Metcalfe et al. 2001
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) increase in total length (growth) 60 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 92.4 ng/L F+M 60 days posthatch 15 per concentration, four replicates           2,86 ng/L
(0.00000286 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) increase in body weight 60 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 92.4 ng/L F+M 60 days posthatch 15 per concentration, four replicates           2,86 ng/L
(0.00000286 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) sex ratio (M:F) skewed towards female 60 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 92.4 ng/L F+M 60 days posthatch 15 per concentration, four replicates           27,9 ng/L
(0.0000279 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) change in number of fish with testis (gonadal histology) 60 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 92.4 ng/L F+M 60 days posthatch 15 per concentration, four replicates           27,9 ng/L
(0.0000279 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) change in number of fish with testis-ova 60 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 92.4 ng/L F+M 60 days posthatch 15 per concentration, four replicates           27,9 ng/L
(0.0000279 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) decrease in fecundity (total number of eggs per pair) 71-100 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 ng/L F+M 71-100 days posthatch 6 mating pairs treatment group           27,9 ng/L
(0.0000279 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) decrease in fertility 71-100 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 ng/L F+M 71-100 days posthatch 6 mating pairs treatment group           8,66 ng/L
(0.00000866 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) reduction in gonadosomal index (GSI) 101 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 ng/L M 101 days posthatch             27,9 ng/L
(0.0000279 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) increase in vitellogenin (VTG) concentration 101 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 ng/L M 101 days posthatch             8,66 ng/L
(0.00000866 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) mortality 59 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66 ng/L F+M 59 days posthatch, F1 generation             0,939 ng/L
(0.000000939 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) increase in total length (growth) 59 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66 ng/L F+M 59 days posthatch, F1 generation             8,66 ng/L
(0.00000866 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) decrease in vitellogenindecrease in vitellogenin (VTG) concentration 59 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66 ng/L F 59 days posthatch, F1 generation             2,86 ng/L
(0.00000286 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Twogeneration study Oryzias latipes (medaka) change in number of fish with ovary (gonadal histology) 60 days   0.939, 2.86, 8.66, 27.9 92.4 ng/L F+M 60 days posthatch 15 per concentration, four replicates           27,9 ng/L
(0.0000279 mg/L)
    Seki et al. 2004
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) lower gonadosomatic index 14 days   0, 32, 100, 320 ng/L F 6 months old (mature) 7 females per concentraion           320 ng/L
(0.00032 mg/L)
    Halm et al. 2002
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) P450aromB mRNA expression in the brain 14 days   0, 32, 100, 320 ng/L M 6 months old (mature) 7 males per concentraion           100 ng/L
(0.0001 mg/L)
    Halm et al. 2002
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) VTG induction 2 weeks               25 ng/L
(0.000025 mg/L)
          Brian et al. 2005
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) P450aromB mRNA expression in the gonads 14 days   0, 32, 100, 320 ng/L M 6 months old (mature) 7 males per concentraion           320 ng/L
(0.00032 mg/L)
    Halm et al. 2002
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) P450aromB mRNA expression in the gonads 14 days   0, 32, 100, 320 ng/L F 6 months old (mature) 7 females per concentraion           100 ng/L
(0.0001 mg/L)
    Halm et al. 2002
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) lower gonadosomatic index 14 days   0, 32, 100, 320 ng/L M 6 months old (mature) 7 males per concentraion           100 ng/L
(0.0001 mg/L)
    Halm et al. 2002
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) increased VTG concentration in plasma 14 days   0, 32, 100, 320 ng/L F 6 months old (mature) 7 females per concentraion           100 ng/L
(0.0001 mg/L)
    Halm et al. 2002
Estradiol   G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) increased VTG concentration in plasma 14 days   0, 32, 100, 320 ng/L M 6 months old (mature) 7 males per concentraion           32 ng/L
(0.000032 mg/L)
    Halm et al. 2002
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) reduction in gonadosomatic index (GSI) 21 days   10, 32, 100, 320, 1000 ng/L + control M approaching sexual maturity At the start of the test 7 fish were randomly allocated to each treatment           320 ng/L
(0.00032 mg/L)
    Panter et al. 1998
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) induction of plasma vitellogenin 21 days   10, 32, 100, 320, 1000 ng/L + control M approaching sexual maturity At the start of the test 7 fish were randomly allocated to each treatment           100 ng/L
(0.0001 mg/L)
    Panter et al. 1998
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Rana temporaria (Brown frog hepatocytes) vitellogenesis   5 days   M   Approx. 600,000 hepatocytes/ml in 96-well plates, each conc tested in six different wells. Two experimental set-ups.     19 nM
(0.00517598 mg/L)
    0-10 nM     Rankouhi et al. 2005
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Rana temporaria (Brown frog hepatocytes) vitellogenesis   5 days   M   Approx. 600,000 hepatocytes/ml in 96-well plates, each conc tested in six different wells. Two experimental set-ups.     43 nM
(0.01171406 mg/L)
    10-100 nM     Rankouhi et al. 2005
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) reproduction 21 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well (first 10 days), then females were randomly selected and transferred individually to 12 well microplates until day 21         >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
      Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) survival 21 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well (first 10 days), then females were randomly selected and transferred individually to 12 well microplates until day 21         >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
      Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) survival 21 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well (first 10 days), then females were randomly selected and transferred individually to 12 well microplates until day 21   >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
            Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) survival 10 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well         >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
      Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) survival 10 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well   >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
            Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 In vitro recombinant yeast ER assay Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain) induction of B-galactosidase activity                 0.78 nM
(0.0002124876 mg/L)
          Segner et al. 2003a
Estradiol 17B-estradiol G03CA03 Sex hormones 272.42 Yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay Yeast strain hER-ERE growth                 5.7*10^-2 ug/L
(0.0057 mg/L)
          Folmar et al. 2002
Estriol   G03CA04 Sex hormones 288.3813   Oryzias latipes (Japanese ricefish) induced intersex (testis-ova) approximately 90 days       1 day Four test concentrations, one control, 60 fish in each         0.075 ug/L
(0.000075 mg/L)
0.75 ug/L
(0.00075 mg/L)
    Metcalfe et al. 2001
Estrone   G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) elevated serum E2 concentration 7 days   1 mg/kg M 12-18 months (200-500 g) Five fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             1 mg/kg Tilton et al. 2001
Estrone   G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Oryzias latipes (Japanese ricefish) induced intersex (testis-ova) approximately 90 days       1 day Four test concentrations, one control, 60 fish in each         <0.0008 ug/L 0.008 ug/L
(0.000008 mg/L)
    Metcalfe et al. 2001
Estrone   G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) induction of plasma vitellogenin 21 days   9.9, 31.8, 99.3, 318, 993 ng/L + control M approaching sexual maturity At the start of the test 7 fish were randomly allocated to each treatment           31.8 ng/L
(0.0000318 mg/L)
    Panter et al. 1998
Estrone   G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) reduction in gonadosomatic index (GSI) 21 days   9.9, 31.8, 99.3, 318, 993 ng/L + control M approaching sexual maturity At the start of the test 7 fish were randomly allocated to each treatment           317.7 ng/L
(0.0003177 mg/L)
    Panter et al. 1998
Estrone   G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Rana temporaria (Brown frog hepatocytes) vitellogenesis   5 days   M   Approx. 600,000 hepatocytes/ml in 96-well plates, each conc tested in six different wells. Two experimental set-ups.     218 nM
(0.05893981 mg/L)
    10-100 nM     Rankouhi et al. 2005
Estrone   G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Rana temporaria (Brown frog hepatocytes) vitellogenesis   5 days   M   Approx. 600,000 hepatocytes/ml in 96-well plates, each conc tested in six different wells. Two experimental set-ups.     241 nM
(0.06515823 mg/L)
    10-100 nM     Rankouhi et al. 2005
Estrone main metabolite of estradiol G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) reproduction 21 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well (first 10 days), then females were randomly selected and transferred individually to 12 well microplates until day 21         >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
      Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estrone main metabolite of estradiol G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) survival 21 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well (first 10 days), then females were randomly selected and transferred individually to 12 well microplates until day 21         >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
      Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estrone main metabolite of estradiol G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) survival 21 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well (first 10 days), then females were randomly selected and transferred individually to 12 well microplates until day 21   >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
            Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estrone main metabolite of estradiol G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) survival 10 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well         >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
      Hutchinson et al. 1999
Estrone main metabolite of estradiol G03CA07 Sex hormones 270.3661   Tisbe battagliai (Crustacean) survival 10 days       <24h 24 well microplate, one organism in each well   >/= 100 ug/L
(0.1 mg/L)
            Hutchinson et al. 1999
Etacrynic acid   C03CC01 Diuretic agents   Chronic bioluminescence assay Vibrio fischeri (Bacteria) bioluminescence inhibition 24 h               0.561 mg/L           Backhaus and Grimme 1999
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Algae                   0.84 mg/L           Kopf 1995 in Halling-Sorensen et al. (1998)
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) intrinsic rate of population increase 72 h       newly hatched Eight chambers (7 conc and one control), with eight replicates     4.15 uM/L
(1.23007411 mg/L)
          Radix et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Brachionus calyciflorus (Rotifera) ovigerous/non-ovigerous females 72 h       newly hatched Eight chambers (7 conc and one control), with eight replicates     4.18 uM/L
(1.238966212 mg/L)
          Radix et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Carassius auratus (crucian carp) induction of vitellogenin (reproductive endocrine disruption) 14 days   0.1, 0.4, 1, 4, 10, 40 ng/L M   groups of 3     7.26 ng/L
(0.00000726 mg/L)
  1 ng/L
(0.000001 mg/L)
4 ng/L
(4 mg/L)
    Zhang et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Cladoceran) swim inhibition 24 h   410, 656, 984, 1640, 2050, 2460, 3280, 4100 ug/L   juveniles 10 cladocerans per concentration, two replicates with eight concentrations     1814 ug/L
(1.814 mg/L)
          Jaser et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A three generation test Ceriodaphnia reticulata (Cladoceran) survivorship of newly hatched juveniles 4 weeks   10, 50, 80, 100, 200, 300 ug/L   juveniles One neonate per test vessel, two replicates with eight different concentrations and one control         200 ug/L
(0.2 mg/L)
      Jaser et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Chironomus riparius (Diptera) Deformities in the mouthparts     10, 100 ng/L, 1, 100 ug/L, 1 mg/L     10 per concentration           10 ng/L
(0.00001 mg/L)
    Watts et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Chironomus riparius (Diptera) Reduced wet weight     10, 100 ng/L, 1, 100 ug/L, 1 mg/L     10 per concentration           1 mg/L     Watts et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Chironomus riparius (Diptera) Delayed moulting     10, 100 ng/L, 1, 100 ug/L, 1 mg/L     10 per concentration           1 mg/L     Watts et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Chironomus riparius (Insecta, diptera) mortality 10 days             8.83 mg/L             Segner et al. 2003b
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Chironomus tentans, now Chironomus dilutus (Insecta, diptera) survival 10 days       12 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 9-10 animals in each beaker   4.1 mg/L             Dussault et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Chironomus tentans, now Chironomus dilutus (Insecta, diptera) growth 10 days       12 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 9-10 animals in each beaker     6.6 mg/L           Dussault et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) Induced oviductal malformations     0, 300 ng/egg (1 nmol/egg F     Injection          300 ng/egg (1 nmol/egg)     Mattsson et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) Weight asymmetry in left and right testes and reduction in the cloacal gland area     0, 300 ng/egg (1 nmol/egg M     Injection          300 ng/egg (1 nmol/egg)     Mattsson et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) Retention of oviducts     0, 300 ng/egg (1 nmol/egg M     Injection          300 ng/egg (1 nmol/egg)     Mattsson et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) Reduction of copulatory behavior     0, 300 ng/egg (1 nmol/egg M     Injection          300 ng/egg (1 nmol/egg)     Mattsson et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Coturnix japonica (Japanese quail) anatomical and histological changes in the oviduct     0, 2, 20 ng/g egg F Immature and adult   Injection             2 ng/g egg Berg et al. 2001
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 In vitro competitive radioreceptor assay Cyprinus carpio (Common carp hepatic ER) displacement of specific ER binding                 30 nM
(0.008892102 mg/L)
          Segner et al. 2003a
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 In vitro VTG induction assay Cyprinus carpio (Common carp hepatocytes) VTG induction 3 days 4 days   sexually immature or F   Initial density: 1.5-2.0*10^6 cells/mL     110 nM
(0.032604374 mg/L)
          Segner et al. 2003a
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) severe morphological alterations in kidney, liver and spleen   70 days 500 ug/kg three times (1st, 5th, 9th week)   Five months (juveniles) 22 fish Intramuscular injection             500 ug/kg bw Schwaiger et al. 2000
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) reduction of total number of leukocytes   70 days 500 ug/kg three times (1st, 5th, 9th week)   Five months (juveniles) 22 fish Intramuscular injection             500 ug/kg bw Schwaiger et al. 2000
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) decrease in the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration   70 days 500 ug/kg three times (1st, 5th, 9th week)   Five months (juveniles) 22 fish Intramuscular injection             500 ug/kg bw Schwaiger et al. 2000
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) decrease in the haemooglobin content   70 days 500 ug/kg three times (1st, 5th, 9th week)   Five months (juveniles) 22 fish Intramuscular injection             500 ug/kg bw Schwaiger et al. 2000
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) increase in reticulocytes   70 days 500 ug/kg three times (1st, 5th, 9th week)   Five months (juveniles) 22 fish Intramuscular injection             500 ug/kg bw Schwaiger et al. 2000
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Cyprinus carpio (Common carp) decrease in total number of erythrocytes   70 days 500 ug/kg three times (1st, 5th, 9th week)   Five months (juveniles) 22 fish Intramuscular injection             500 ug/kg bw Schwaiger et al. 2000
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio Increase in vitellogenin production 18 days   1, 2, 5, 10, 25 ng/L   20 dph Three replicates per concentration.,10 fish per replicate.           2 ng/L
(0.002 mg/L)
    Örn et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio Changes in sex ratios 40 days   1, 2, 5, 10, 25 ng/L F 20 dph Three replicates per concentration., 30 fish per replicate.           1 ng/L
(0.001 mg/L)
    Örn et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) VTG induction from fertilization to reproductive age     F+M               1.67 ng/L
(0.00000167 mg/L)
    Segner et al. 2003b
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) vitellogenin induction 8 days   0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 100 ng/L M adult 20 fish exposed to each concentration     2.51 ng/L
(0.00000251 mg/L)
    3.0 ng/L
(0.000003 mg/L)
    Rose et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) fertilization success from fertilization to reproductive age     F+M               1.67 ng/L
(0.00000167 mg/L)
    Segner et al. 2003b
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) increase in average total RNA 17 days   50 ng/L M adult (2.5-4 cm) 8 individuals exposed per concentration           50 ng/L
(0.00005 mg/L)
    Islinger et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) expression of estrogen regulated genes (ERa) 4 days   0.25-85 ng/L M adult (2.5-4 cm) 8 individuals exposed per concentration           2.5 ng/L
(0.0000025 mg/L)
    Islinger et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) expression of estrogen regulated genes (zfvg 3) 21 days   0.25-85 ng/L M adult (2.5-4 cm) 8 individuals exposed per concentration           2.5 ng/L
(0.0000025 mg/L)
    Islinger et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) expression of estrogen regulated genes (zfvg 3) 4 days   0.25-85 ng/L M adult (2.5-4 cm) 8 individuals exposed per concentration           8.5 ng/L
(0.0000085 mg/L)
    Islinger et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 In vivo full life cycle test Danio rerio (Zebrafish) fertilization success From fertilized eggs until sexual maturation   0.05, 0.28, 1.7, 10 ng/L (nominal conc.)     Initially 100 fertilized eggs per test vessel were exposed     0.0037 nM
(0.00000109669258 mg/L)
          Segner et al. 2003a
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) egg production 210 days   0.5, 5 ng/L F+M F1 generation, life-long exposure           0.5 ng/L
(0.0000005 mg/L)
5 ng/L
(0.000005 mg/L)
    Nash et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Danio rerio (Zebrafish) egg production 10 days   0.5, 5, 50 ng/L F+M adults 12 fish per replicare, 12 replicates per koncentration         5 ng/L
(0.000005 mg/L)
50 ng/L
(0.00005 mg/L)
    Nash et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 OECD 210 (extended until 42 days postfertilization) Danio rerio (Zebrafish) induction of plasma vitellogenin 42 days   3 ng/L F hatch to juvenile (early life exposure)             3 ng/L
(0.000003 mg/L)
    Fenske et al. 2005
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 OECD 210 (extended until 42 days postfertilization) Danio rerio (Zebrafish) gonadal feminization (inhibited reproduction) 118 days   3 ng/L   hatch to adult (full life-cycle exposure)             3 ng/L
(0.000003 mg/L)
    Fenske et al. 2005
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Daphnia (Crustacean) reproduction                 0.105 mg/L   0.01 mg/L       Kopf 1995 in Halling-Sorensen et al. (1998)
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Daphnia (Crustacean)                   5.7 mg/L           Kopf 1995 in Halling-Sorensen et al. (1998)
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Daucus carota (Wild carrot) Growth (root length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Domestic hen eggshell thinning and altered shell gland carbonic anhydrase expression     0, 2, 7, 20 ng/g egg   32 weeks 37-40 per dose Injection             20ng/g egg Berg et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Gammarus pulex (Crustacea, amphipoda) mortality 10 days             0.84 mg/L             Segner et al. 2003b
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           354.2 ug/L
(0.3542 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           115.9 ug/L
(0.1159 mg/L)
    300 ug/L
(0.3 mg/L)
    Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           36.9 ug/L
(0.0369 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Spore production 14 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           168.6 ug/L
(0.1686 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 28 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           >1000 ug/L           Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Glomus intraradices (Mycorrhizal fungus) Growth (hyphal length) 21 days   0, 10, 30, 100, 300, 1000 ug/L           312.6 ug/L
(0.3126 mg/L)
          Hillis et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Hyalella azteca (Freshwater amphipod) growth 10 days       7-14 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 8-15 animals in each beaker     1.3 mg/L           Dussault et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 Multigeneration toxicity test Hyalella azteca (Freshwater amphipod) sexual development 35 weeks   0.1, 0.32, 1, 3.2, 10 ug/L     At the start of the experiment, 150 precopulatory pairs were added to each treatment.           0.0001 mg/L     Vandenbergh et al. 2003
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 EPA/600/R-99/064 (2000) Hyalella azteca (Freshwater amphipod) survival 10 days       7-14 days 8-9 conc. 4-5 replicates and 8-15 animals in each beaker   1.1 mg/L             Dussault et al. 2008
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria) Impaired sexual reproduction 6 weeks   10 ng/L-5 mg/L                 500 ug/L
(0.0005 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria) mortality 96 h   1.6, 2.5, 4, 4.6, 5.6, 6.2, 6.8, 7.5, 8.2, 8.6, 9.2, 10 mg/L         3,8             Pascoe et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria) Effects on the structure and physiology of the polyps 72 h   10 ng/L-5 mg/L                 58 ug/L
(0.000058 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Hydra vulgaris (Cnidaria) Inhibition of generation 72 h   10 ng/L-5 mg/L                 150 ug/L
(0.00015 mg/L)
    Pascoe et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Hydra vulgaris (Coelenterate) mortality 96 h             3.78 mg/L             Segner et al. 2003b
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 In vitro study Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) binding inhibition       F 2 years         0.43 nM
(0.000127453462 mg/L)
        Nimrod and Benson 1997
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) induction of vitellogenin 7 days   1 mg/kg M 12-18 months (200-500 g) Five fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             1 mg/kg Tilton et al. 2001
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Ictalurus punctatus (Channel catfish) elevated serum E2 concentration 7 days   1 mg/kg M 12-18 months (200-500 g) Five fish Intraperitoneally injected (i.p.)             1 mg/kg Tilton et al. 2001
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 MCF-7 breast tumor cell proliferation (E-Screen) assay MCF-7 cells growth                 5.0*10^-3 ug/L
(0.005 mg/L)
          Folmar et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 Swedish standard SS 02 81 06, SIS (1991) Nitocra spinipes (Harpacticoid copepod) mortality 96 h       <24h 10-15 nauplii in each vial, randomly allocated into different groups, six replicates per group   0.51 mg/L             Breitholtz and Bengtsson 2001
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 In vitro VTG induction assay Oncorhynchus mykiss (Rainbow trout hepatocytes) VTG induction 3 days 4 days   sexually immature or F   Initial density: 1.5-2.0*10^6 cells/mL     65 nM
(0.019266221 mg/L)
          Segner et al. 2003a
Ethinylestradiol   G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) Phenotypic sex-reversal of genetic males     0, 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 2.5, 5 ng/egg M embryo   Injection             0.5 ng/egg Papoulias et al. 1999
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) decrease in egg production 2 months recovery period of 6 weeks 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/L   juvenile 50 per konc, 25 for control           10 ng/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Scholz and Gutzeit 2000
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) sexual differentiation 2 months recovery period of 6 weeks 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/L   juvenile 50 per konc, 25 for control           100 ng/L
(0.1 mg/L)
    Scholz and Gutzeit 2000
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Oryzias latipes (Japanese medaka) aromatase gene expression 2 months recovery period of 6 weeks 0, 1, 10 and 100 ng/L   juvenile 50 per konc, 25 for control           10 ng/L
(0.01 mg/L)
    Scholz and Gutzeit 2000
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034   Oryzias latipes (Japanese ricefish) induced intersex (testis-ova) approximately 90 days       1 day Five test concentrations, one control, 60 fish in each         <0.00003 ug/L 0.00003 ug/L
(0.00000003 mg/L)
    Metcalfe et al. 2001
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) plasma vitellogenin 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng/L (nominal conc.) F+M 6-12 months             1 ng/L
(0.000001 mg/L)
    Pawlowski et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 Life-cycle assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) mean condition factor sampled at 8, 15, 30, 60 and 150 days posthatch 150 days 0, 0.32, 0.96, 3.2, 9.6, 32 ng/L (nominal conc.) F+M exposure began 48-60 h after fertilization 30 eggs in each of two cups, placed in each aquarium           9.6 ng/L (60 dph)
(0.0000096 mg/L)
    Parrott and B. R. Blunt 2005
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 Life-cycle assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) growth sampled at 8, 15, 30, 60 and 150 days posthatch 150 days 0, 0.32, 0.96, 3.2, 9.6, 32 ng/L (nominal conc.) F+M exposure began 48-60 h after fertilization 30 eggs in each of two cups, placed in each aquarium           23 ng/L (60 dph)
(0.000023 mg/L)
    Parrott and B. R. Blunt 2005
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 OECD test guideline 204 (1992) Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) vitellogenin induction 4, 7, 14 and 21 days   0.002, 0.005, 0.02 ug/L (measured conc.)   45-100 days posthatch 64 fish with two replicates for each concentration and control(s)           0.002 ug/L (4 days of exposure)
(0.000002 mg/L)
    Panter et al. 2002
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) fertilization rate 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng/L (nominal conc.) M 6-12 months             10 ng/L
(0.00001 mg/L)
    Pawlowski et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) number of tubercles 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng/L (nominal conc.) M 6-12 months </= 12 individuals           1 ng/L
(0.000001 mg/L)
    Pawlowski et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) liver (ultrastructure) 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng/L (nominal conc.) F 6-12 months             3 ng/L
(0.000003 mg/L)
    Pawlowski et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) liver (ultrastructure) 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng/L (nominal conc.) M 6-12 months             1 ng/L
(0.000001 mg/L)
    Pawlowski et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) liver (histology) 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng/L (nominal conc.) F+M 6-12 months three fish per concentration           3 ng/L
(0.000003 mg/L)
    Pawlowski et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 Life-cycle assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) ovipositor development sampled at 8, 15, 30, 60 and 150 days posthatch 150 days 0, 0.32, 0.96, 3.2, 9.6, 32 ng/L (nominal conc.) F+M exposure began 48-60 h after fertilization 30 eggs in each of two cups, placed in each aquarium           3.5 ng/L (60 dph)
(0.0000035 mg/L)
    Parrott and B. R. Blunt 2005
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) testes (histology) 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng/L (nominal conc.) M 6-12 months five fish per concentration and for the control           10 ng/L
(0.00001 mg/L)
    Pawlowski et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) mean no of spawned eggs/pair 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng/L (nominal conc.) F 6-12 months             0.1 ng/L
(0.0000001 mg/L)
    Pawlowski et al. 2004
Ethinylestradiol 17a-ethinylestradiol G03CA01 Sex hormones 296.4034 A gonadal recrudescence assay Pimephales promelas (Fathead minnow) gonadosomatic index 3 weeks   0, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 100 ng